Category relevance attenuates overshadowing in human predictive learning.

Category relevance attenuates overshadowing in human predictive learning.
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类别相关性减弱了人类预测性学习中的阴影。

DOI:
10.1037/xan0000357
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发表时间:
2023-07
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
Urcelay, Gonzalo P.
Urcelay, Gonzalo P.
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alcala, Jose A.;Prados, Jose;Urcelay, Gonzalo P.

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在多个预测者预测结果存在或不存在的情况下,线索竞争预测结果,导致与没有额外线索的控制条件相比,联想强度的损失。至关重要的是,有多种因素调节这种竞争的规模和方向,尽管在某些情况下,这些因素的影响仍未得到探索。我们试图评估线索化合物中元素的相对显著性是否调节人类预测性学习中阴影效应的大小。在预测学习任务中使用了两个可分离的类别(即颜色和符号)。在实验1中,不同组的参与者被给予不同的时间暴露于属于不同类别(颜色和符号)的线索复合,以评估遮蔽程度的潜在差异。此外,我们使用后测问卷来评估参与者在训练期间是否只使用一种或两种类别,并评估这是否影响阴影的大小。一般来说,遮蔽不受展示时间的影响,除了在展示时间很短的情况下对最突出的类别进行了突出的学习。在实验2中,一个类别的相对显著性通过先前的双条件歧视经验或只参与相关类别(颜色或符号)而产生偏差。先前相关的类别不太容易被掩盖,但另一个类别则不然。根据联想学习的注意理论和构形理论对结果进行了讨论。
In situations in which multiple predictors anticipate the presence or absence of an outcome, cues compete to anticipate the outcome, resulting in a loss of associative strength compared to control conditions without additional cues. Critically, there are multiple factors modulating the magnitude and direction of such competition, although in some scenarios the effect of these factors remains unexplored. We sought to assess whether the relative salience of the elements in a compound of cues modulates the magnitude of the overshadowing effect in human predictive learning. Two separable categories (i.e., colors and symbols) were used in a predictive learning task. In Experiment 1, different groups of participants were granted with different time of exposure to a compound of cues belonging to different categories (color and symbol) to evaluate potential differences in the magnitude of overshadowing. Furthermore, we used posttest questionnaires to assess whether participants used either only one or both categories during training, and assessed if this impacted the magnitude of overshadowing. In general, overshadowing was not modulated by the time of exposition, except in the case of very short time of exposition with prominent learning about the most salient category. In Experiment 2, the relative salience of a category was biased via prior experience either with a biconditional discrimination or attending only the relevant category (either color or symbol). The previously relevant category was less prone to overshadowing, but not the alternative one. Results are discussed in light of attentional and configural theories of associative learning.
DOI: 10.1037/a0034901
发表时间: 2014-03
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发表时间: 2015
期刊: Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
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