Exploring the emic understanding of ‘critical thinking’ in Japanese education: An analysis of teachers’ voices

Exploring the emic understanding of ‘critical thinking’ in Japanese education: An analysis of teachers’ voices
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探索日本教育中“批判性思维”的主位理解:教师声音分析

DOI:
10.1080/00131857.2023.2192925
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Nomura Kazuyuki
Nomura Kazuyuki
中科院分区:
教育学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
井田 仁康;川口 純;赤塚 祐哉;伊藤 健策;井上 志音;江幡 知佳;江里口 歡人; 太田 瑠々;金井 大貴;菊地 かおり;木村 光宏;齊藤 貴浩; 佐々木 恵美子;渋谷 真樹;菅井 篤;田中 佳太;芳賀 裕子;花井 渉;原 和久;松本 暢平;御手洗 明佳;UMEDA Takahiro;神野幸隆;神野幸隆;神野幸隆;神野幸隆;神野幸隆;神野幸隆;Nomura Kazuyuki

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在经济合作与发展组织(OECD)最近进行的教学和学习国际调查(TALIS 2018)中,日本教师教授批判性思维(CT)和在CT教学中自称自我效能的比例是参与经济体中最低的(OECD,2019)。本研究通过对12名不同背景的教师进行深入的定性访谈,探讨了日本教育中对CT的主位或本土理解。日本的学校教师发现CT的细微差别是不受欢迎的。然而,CT的一个特殊方面,即多维度多视角思维(MMT),是深受欢迎的,因为国家课程指导方针,大多数参与者发现,这是他们的教学基础,奠定了强烈的重视MMT。几乎所有的参与者都认为,低社会经济地位(SES)的学校很难教CT/MMT。此外,日本学校的一项隐性课程,即重视移情,也影响了CT教学。同理心是日本学校教育的核心价值观,因此参与者发现,如果不教授同理心,就不可能练习CT。研究结果表明,课程权力,无论是官方的或隐含的,在日本是强有力的。尽管如此,学校教师实践本土版本的CT教学,并设法远离CT教学的客位/全球模型的力量。本文的结论与实践的影响,教育工作者调和的CT教学的客位和主位的理解。
In the most recent Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS2018) conducted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the percentage of Japanese teachers who taught critical thinking (CT) and professed self-efficacy in CT teaching was by far the lowest among participating economies (OECD, 2019). This research explores the emic or indigenous understanding of CT in Japanese education through in-depth qualitative interviews with 12 schoolteachers of diverse backgrounds. Japanese schoolteachers find the nuance of CT undesirable. Yet, a particular facet of CT, namely multidimensional-multiperspective thinking (MMT), is well-received since the national curriculum guidelines, which most participants find to be their teaching foundation, lay strong emphasis on MMT. Almost all participants agree that low socioeconomic-status (SES) schools have difficulty teaching CT/MMT. Furthermore, a hidden curriculum in Japanese schools, namely valuing empathy, also affects CT teaching. Being empathetic constitutes a core value in Japanese schooling, so participants find it impossible to practice CT without teaching empathy. The findings suggest that the curricular power, whether official or implicit, is forceful in Japan. Still, schoolteachers practise indigenous versions of CT teaching and manage to keep away from the power of the etic/global model of CT teaching. This paper concludes with practical implications for educators to reconcile the etic and emic understandings of CT teaching.
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