Sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases: natural functions and applications.
Sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases: natural functions and applications.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00253-012-4040-1
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发表时间：
2012-05
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Chen, Xi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Yanhong;Chen, Xi
唾液酸是一类带负电荷的单糖，通常存在于真核细胞表面的糖复合物的糖链末端，也是某些致病菌的荚膜多糖或脂寡糖的组成部分。由于唾液酸具有重要的生物学和病理学功能，其生物合成、活化、转运、降解和循环利用正日益受到人们的关注。对真核生物和细菌中唾液酸代谢的理解导致了代谢工程方法的发展，用于阐明唾液酸在哺乳动物系统中的重要功能，以及用于使用工程化细菌细胞大规模生产唾液酸苷。唾液酸转移酶作为唾液酸化结构生物合成的关键酶，已从各种来源不断被鉴定和表征。已经报道了七种唾液酸转移酶的蛋白质晶体结构。野生型唾液酸转移酶及其突变体已经与或不与其他唾液酸苷生物合成酶一起用于生产复杂的含唾液酸的寡糖和糖缀合物。本文就唾液酸代谢和唾液酸转移酶的研究现状及应用作一简要综述。
Sialic acids are a family of negatively charged monosaccharides which are commonly presented as the terminal residues in glycans of the glycoconjugates on eukaryotic cell surface or as components of capsular polysaccharides or lipooligosaccharides of some pathogenic bacteria. Due to their important biological and pathological functions, the biosynthesis, activation, transfer, breaking down, and recycle of sialic acids are attracting increasing attention. The understanding of the sialic acid metabolism in eukaryotes and bacteria leads to the development of metabolic engineering approaches for elucidating the important functions of sialic acid in mammalian systems and for large-scale production of sialosides using engineered bacterial cells. As the key enzymes in biosynthesis of sialylated structures, sialyltransferases have been continuously identified from various sources and characterized. Protein crystal structures of seven sialyltransferases have been reported. Wild-type sialyltransferases and their mutants have been applied with or without other sialoside biosynthetic enzymes for producing complex sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. This mini-review focuses on current understanding and applications of sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases.
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