Functionalized alkynyl-chlorogermanes: hydrometallation, Ge-Cl bond activation, Ge-H bond formation and chlorine-tert-butyl exchange via a transient germyl cation.

Functionalized alkynyl-chlorogermanes: hydrometallation, Ge-Cl bond activation, Ge-H bond formation and chlorine-tert-butyl exchange via a transient germyl cation.
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功能化的炔基-氯锗烷:加氢金属化、Ge-Cl 键活化、Ge-H 键形成以及通过瞬时甲锗基阳离子进行氯-叔丁基交换

DOI:
10.1039/c5dt03918e
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
W. Uhl
W. Uhl
中科院分区:
化学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Honacker;Z.-W. Qu;J. Tannert;M. Layh;A. Hepp;S. Grimme;W. Uhl

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炔基-芳基氯锗烷ArylnGe(Cl)(CC-tBu)3−n(n = 1,2)与HMtBu 2(M = Al,Ga)反应,通过氢金属氢化反应生成混合的Al或Ga烯基-炔基氯锗烷。分子内路易斯碱性Cl原子和路易斯酸性Al或Ga原子之间的相互作用提供MCGeCl杂环。内环M-Cl距离显着延长相比,起始化合物,并表示Ge-Cl键活化。双氢置换仅在HGatBu 2中成功。产物中的一个Ga原子参与Ga-Cl键,而另一个Ga原子与苯基的C-H键相互作用。在两种情况下,用两当量的HAltBu 2处理氯锗烷导致一个炔基的氢化铝化和形成前所未有的Ge-H官能化锗烷,芳基-Ge(H)(CC-tBu)[C(AltBu 2)C(H)-tBu](芳基=均三甲苯基,三异丙基苯基)。这些化合物的Al原子与炔基的α-C原子相互作用。Ph(Cl)Ge(CC-tBu)[C(AltBu 2}C(H)-tBu]在不寻常的Cl/tBu交换中反应以产生叔丁基锗烷Ph(tBu)Ge(CC-tBu)[C{Al(tBu)(Cl)}C(H)-tBu]。量子化学计算表明,作为一个短暂的中间体的锗阳离子的形成。
Treatment of alkynyl–arylchlorogermanes ArylnGe(Cl)(CC–tBu)3−n (n = 1, 2) with HMtBu2 (M = Al, Ga) yielded mixed Al or Ga alkenyl–alkynylchlorogermanes via hydrometallation reactions. Intramolecular interactions between the Lewis-basic Cl atoms and the Lewis-acidic Al or Ga atoms afforded MCGeCl heterocycles. The endocyclic M–Cl distances were significantly lengthened compared to the starting compounds and indicated Ge–Cl bond activation. Dual hydrometallation succeeded only with HGatBu2. One Ga atom of the product was involved in a Ga–Cl bond, while the second one had an interaction to a C–H bond of a phenyl group. In two cases treatment of chlorogermanes with two equivalents of HAltBu2 resulted in hydroalumination of one alkynyl group and formation of unprecedented Ge–H functionalized germanes, Aryl–Ge(H)(CC–tBu)[C(AltBu2)C(H)–tBu] (Aryl = mesityl, triisopropylphenyl). The Al atoms of these compounds interacted with the α-C atoms of the alkynyl groups. Ph(Cl)Ge(CC–tBu)[C(AltBu2}C(H)–tBu] reacted in an unusual Cl/tBu exchange to yield the tert-butylgermane Ph(tBu)Ge(CC–tBu)[C{Al(tBu)(Cl)}C(H)–tBu]. Quantum chemical calculations suggested the formation of a germyl cation as a transient intermediate.
二炔基锗烷的加氢铝化——通过分子内铝-碳相互作用合成烯基-炔基锗烷
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