Effect of ethanol on differential protein production and expression of potential virulence functions in the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii.
Effect of ethanol on differential protein production and expression of potential virulence functions in the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0051936
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Actis LA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nwugo CC;Arivett BA;Zimbler DL;Gaddy JA;Richards AM;Actis LA
鲍曼不动杆菌在医疗环境中持续存在，并导致严重的人类医院感染。先前的研究表明，低水平的乙醇暴露会增加鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC 17978的毒力。为了更好地了解这种反应所涉及的机制，我们使用了双向凝胶电泳和质谱仪相结合的方法，研究了在乙醇存在或不存在的情况下培养的细菌的差异蛋白质产生。这一方法表明，乙醇的存在显著诱导和抑制了22和12个蛋白质的产生。尽管超过25%的乙醇诱导蛋白与应激反应有关，但在这些条件下培养时，细菌的总体活力不会受到影响。在乙醇存在下，参与脂肪和碳水化合物合成代谢的蛋白质产量增加，这一反应与碳水化合物生物膜含量增加、非生物表面生物膜形成增加和细菌在半固体表面的运动性降低有关。乙醇的存在还诱导了细菌培养物的酸化和吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)的产生，吲哚-3-乙酸是一种普遍存在的植物激素，它发出细菌耐受信号，并促进植物与细菌的相互作用。这些反应可能是在乙醇存在下培养的鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC 17978细胞在梅隆盖氏杆菌实验感染模型上测试时显著增强毒力的原因。综上所述，这些观察为乙醇在细菌毒力中的作用提供了新的见解。这种酒精使人类宿主容易受到鲍曼不动杆菌的感染，并可能有利于这种病原体的生存和适应医疗环境和不利的宿主环境。
Acinetobacter baumannii persists in the medical environment and causes severe human nosocomial infections. Previous studies showed that low-level ethanol exposure increases the virulence of A. baumannii ATCC 17978. To better understand the mechanisms involved in this response, 2-D gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry was used to investigate differential protein production in bacteria cultured in the presence or absence of ethanol. This approach showed that the presence of ethanol significantly induces and represses the production of 22 and 12 proteins, respectively. Although over 25% of the ethanol-induced proteins were stress-response related, the overall bacterial viability was uncompromised when cultured under these conditions. Production of proteins involved in lipid and carbohydrate anabolism was increased in the presence of ethanol, a response that correlates with increased carbohydrate biofilm content, enhanced biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and decrease bacterial motility on semi-solid surfaces. The presence of ethanol also induced the acidification of bacterial cultures and the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a ubiquitous plant hormone that signals bacterial stress-tolerance and promotes plant-bacteria interactions. These responses could be responsible for the significantly enhanced virulence of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 cells cultured in the presence of ethanol when tested with the Galleria mellonella experimental infection model. Taken together, these observations provide new insights into the effect of ethanol in bacterial virulence. This alcohol predisposes the human host to infections by A. baumannii and could favor the survival and adaptation of this pathogen to medical settings and adverse host environments.
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