Exposure to dust and particle-associated 1-nitropyrene of drivers of diesel-powered equipment in underground mining.
Exposure to dust and particle-associated 1-nitropyrene of drivers of diesel-powered equipment in underground mining.
复制标题
地下采矿中柴油动力设备的司机接触灰尘和颗粒相关的 1-硝基芘。
作者：
P. Scheepers;V. Mička;V. Muzyka;R. Anzion;D. Dahmann;J. Poole;R. Bos
在两个矿井进行了实地研究，以便在一项旨在验证柴油废气生物监测方法的欧洲研究框架内确定最适合的环境接触评估战略。对20名使用长壁法开采黑煤的矿工（捷克共和国）和20名使用房柱法开采油页岩的工人（爱沙尼亚）的粉尘和颗粒相关的1-硝基芘（1-NP）暴露进行了研究。第二阶段（主要研究）将油页岩矿的研究扩大到100名工人。在每个矿井中，一半的研究人口在地下工作，作为柴油动力火车（黑煤）和挖掘机（油页岩）的司机。另一半由从事各种非柴油生产任务的工人组成。通过在固定地点测量可吸入性和可呼吸性粉尘以及对可呼吸性粉尘进行个人空气采样来研究柴油机尾气暴露。几何平均可吸入粉尘浓度与可呼吸粉尘浓度的比值约为2:1。在固定地点和工人呼吸区测量的地下/地面呼吸性粉尘浓度比为2倍或更高。呼吸区呼吸性粉尘比固定采样点高2- 3倍。这些粉尘组分中的1-NP含量通过气相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定，在工人的呼吸区范围为0.003至42.2 ng/m(3)。矿井粉尘中检测到1-NP。在这两个矿井中，1-NP被观察到主要与可吸入颗粒物有关。地下1-NP浓度也高于地面（煤矿为2- 3倍，油页岩为10倍或更多）。呼吸区1-NP浓度也高于固定地点（煤矿为2.5倍，油页岩矿为10倍）。对于个人暴露评估，个人空气采样优于固定地点的空气采样。该研究还表明，颗粒相关的1-NP比粉尘浓度更能反映柴油机尾气颗粒的环境暴露。因此，当将环境暴露与生物监测结果（如蛋白质和DNA加合物以及遗传毒性物质的尿代谢物排泄）联系起来时，颗粒相关的1-NP测量比通过重力法测量粉尘浓度更可取。
A field study was conducted in two mines in order to determine the most suitable strategy for ambient exposure assessment in the framework of a European study aimed at validation of biological monitoring approaches for diesel exhaust (BIOMODEM). Exposure to dust and particle-associated 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) was studied in 20 miners of black coal by the long wall method (Czech Republic) and in 20 workers in oil shale mining by the room and pillar method (Estonia). The study in the oil shale mine was extended to include 100 workers in a second phase (main study). In each mine half of the study population worked underground as drivers of diesel-powered trains (black coal) and excavators (oil shale). The other half consisted of workers occupied in various non-diesel production assignments. Exposure to diesel exhaust was studied by measurement of inhalable and respirable dust at fixed locations and by personal air sampling of respirable dust. The ratio of geometric mean inhalable to respirable dust concentration was approximately two to one. The underground/surface ratio of respirable dust concentrations measured at fixed locations and in the breathing zones of the workers was 2-fold or greater. Respirable dust was 2- to 3-fold higher in the breathing zone than at fixed sampling locations. The 1-NP content in these dust fractions was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and ranged from 0.003 to 42.2 ng/m(3) in the breathing zones of the workers. In mine dust no 1-NP was detected. In both mines 1-NP was observed to be primarily associated with respirable particles. The 1-NP concentrations were also higher underground than on the surface (2- to 3-fold in the coal mine and 10-fold or more in the oil shale mine). Concentrations of 1-NP in the breathing zones were also higher than at fixed sites (2.5-fold in the coal mine and 10-fold in the oil shale mine). For individual exposure assessment personal air sampling is preferred over air sampling at fixed sites. This study also suggests that particle-associated 1-NP much better reflects the ambient exposure to diesel exhaust particles than dust concentrations. Therefore, measurement of particle-associated 1-NP is preferred over measurement of dust concentrations by gravimetry, when linking ambient exposure to biomonitoring outcomes such as protein and DNA adducts and excretion of urinary metabolites of genotoxic substances.
铁路工人柴油机尾气暴露估算： I. 当前暴露。
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Woskie,SR;Smith,TJ;Hammond,SK;Schenker,MB;Garshick,E;Speizer,FE
通讯作者：
Speizer,FE