The Simons Observatory: the Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) integration and validation results

The Simons Observatory: the Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) integration and validation results
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西蒙斯天文台:大口径望远镜接收器 (LATR) 集成和验证结果

DOI:
10.1117/12.2576151
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
K. Zheng
K. Zheng
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhilei Xu;Tanay Bhandarkar;G. Coppi;A. Kofman;J. Orlowski;N. Zhu;Aamir Ali;K. Arnold;J. Austermann;Steve K. Choi;J. Connors;N. Cothard;M. Devlin;S. Dicker;B. Dober;S. Duff;G. Fabbian;N. Galitzki;S. Haridas;K. Harrington;E. Healy;S. Ho;J. Hubmayr;J. Iuliano;J. Lashner;Yaqiong Li;M. Limon;B. Koopman;H. McCarrick;Jenna Moore;F. Nati;M. Niemack;C. Reichardt;K. P. Sarmiento;J. Seibert;M. Silva;Rita F. Sonka;S. Staggs;R. Thornton;E. Vavagiakis;M. Vissers;S. Walker;Yuhan Wang;Edward J. Wollack;K. Zheng

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西蒙斯天文台(SO)将从智利阿塔卡马沙漠的Cerro Toco观测宇宙微波背景(CMB)。该天文台由三个0.5米小口径望远镜(SAT)和一个6米大口径望远镜(LAT)组成,覆盖六个频段,分别为30、40、90、150、230和280 GHz。SO观测将通过表征早期宇宙的性质、测量相对论性物种的数量和中微子的质量、提高我们对星系演化的理解以及限制宇宙再电离的性质来改变对我们宇宙的理解。作为一个关键的仪器,大口径望远镜接收器(LATR)的设计是为了冷却$\sim $60,000过渡边缘传感器(TES)到$<$100 mK的1.7米直径的焦平面。LATR前所未有的规模推动了复杂的设计。在本文中,我们将首先提供LATR设计的概述。LATR设计的集成和验证进行了详细讨论,包括机械强度,光学对准,和5个低温级(80 K,40 K,4 K,1 K和100 mK)的低温性能。我们还将讨论微波复用($\mu$Mux)读出系统中实现的LATR和演示的操作黑暗的原型TES测辐射热计。$\mu$Mux读出技术使一个同轴回路能够读出$\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ TES探测器。它在LATR中的实现是复杂RF链设计的关键验证。LATR性能的成功验证不仅是西蒙斯天文台的一个重要里程碑,也为其他实验提供了有价值的参考,例如CCAT-prime和CMB-S4。
The Simons Observatory (SO) will observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert of Chile. The observatory consists of three 0.5 m Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) and one 6 m Large Aperture Telescope (LAT), covering six frequency bands centering around 30, 40, 90, 150, 230, and 280 GHz. The SO observations will transform the understanding of our universe by characterizing the properties of the early universe, measuring the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, improving our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constraining the properties of cosmic reionization. As a critical instrument, the Large Aperture Telescope Receiver (LATR) is designed to cool $\sim$ 60,000 transition-edge sensors (TES) to $<$ 100 mK on a 1.7 m diameter focal plane. The unprecedented scale of the LATR drives a complex design. In this paper, we will first provide an overview of the LATR design. Integration and validation of the LATR design are discussed in detail, including mechanical strength, optical alignment, and cryogenic performance of the five cryogenic stages (80 K, 40 K, 4 K, 1 K, and 100 mK). We will also discuss the microwave-multiplexing ($\mu$Mux) readout system implemented in the LATR and demonstrate the operation of dark prototype TES bolometers. The $\mu$Mux readout technology enables one coaxial loop to read out $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ TES detectors. Its implementation within the LATR serves as a critical validation for the complex RF chain design. The successful validation of the LATR performance is not only a critical milestone within the Simons Observatory, it also provides a valuable reference for other experiments, e.g. CCAT-prime and CMB-S4.
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