Neural processes of an indirect analog of risk taking in young nondependent adult alcohol drinkers-an FMRI study of the stop signal task.
Neural processes of an indirect analog of risk taking in young nondependent adult alcohol drinkers-an FMRI study of the stop signal task.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01672.x
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发表时间：
2012-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Li CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bednarski SR;Erdman E;Luo X;Zhang S;Hu S;Li CS
酗酒和依赖是美国常见的问题，这些问题源于多种因素，其中之一可能是大学期间和成年早期的一段社交饮酒量较高的时期。现有的研究表明，冒险是导致习惯性酗酒的一个认知因素。我们试图研究年轻的、不依赖的饮酒者冒险的神经过程。在停止信号任务的功能磁共振成像研究中，我们比较了20名酒精使用量高的年轻成年社交饮酒者(AH)和21名人口统计学上匹配的低到中等酒精使用量(ALM)的饮酒者。通过对比冒险(加速)和风险厌恶(减缓)试验，我们检验了冒险的神经关联。用统计参数图对脑成像数据进行分析。确定了感兴趣的区域，并检查了相应的效应大小与自我报告的饮酒情况的相关性。结果表明，与ALM相比，在P<；0.001的冒险和厌恶实验中，AH在右额上回和左侧尾状核的激活减少，未校正。此外，对效应大小数据的检查表明，这些区域激活减少的程度与女性饮酒频率有关，而与男性无关。这些发现表明，这是一种非依赖型、高水平饮酒的神经类比。具体地说，高水平的社交饮酒与尾状核和额叶上皮层的激活改变有关，这种联系在女性中似乎比男性更强，而且与饮酒频率密切相关。这些结果对于理解社交饮酒中的冒险行为以及研究年轻人高水平社交饮酒到晚年危险饮酒的潜在路径都是相关的。
Alcohol abuse and dependence are common problems in the United States that stem from a variety of factors, one of which may be a period of high level social drinking during college and early adulthood. Extant study implicates risk taking as a cognitive factor that contributes to habitual and heavy drinking. We sought to examine the neural processes of risk taking in young, nondependent drinkers. We compared 20 young adult social drinkers with a high level of alcohol use (AH), as defined by number of drinks per month, and 21 demographically matched drinkers with low to moderate alcohol use (ALM) in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the stop signal task. By contrasting risk taking (speeded) to risk aversion (slowed) trials, we examined the neural correlates of risk taking. Brain imaging data were analyzed with Statistical Parametric Mapping. Regions of interest were identified and corresponding effect sizes were examined for correlations with self-reported alcohol use. The results showed that, compared with ALM, AH demonstrated decreased activation in right superior frontal gyrus and left caudate nucleus when contrasting risk taking and risk aversion trials at p < 0.001, uncorrected. Furthermore, examination of the effect size data showed that the extent of these decreased regional activations correlated with frequency of drinking in women, but not men. These findings suggest a neural analog of nondependent, high level drinking. Specifically, high level social drinking is associated with altered activation of the caudate and superior frontal cortex, an association that appears to be stronger in women than in men and is strongly tied to the frequency of drinking. These results are relevant in understanding risk taking behavior in social drinking as well as in examining the potential path from high level social use in young adults to dangerous alcohol consumption later in life.
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