Salt, Not Always a Cardiovascular Enemy? A Mini-Review and Modern Perspective.

Salt, Not Always a Cardiovascular Enemy? A Mini-Review and Modern Perspective.
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DOI:
10.3390/medicina58091175
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发表时间:
2022-08-29
期刊:
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
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其他
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食盐摄入量是一个长期争论的问题。钠摄入量增加与高血压有关,导致盐敏感性高血压。过量的盐摄入通过一氧化氮作用受损和内皮素-1表达增加、肾交感神经系统过度活跃以及盐皮质激素受体的醛固酮非依赖性激活导致易感个体的动脉僵硬。在这些人的盐限制降低血压(BP)值。可改善心血管结局的最佳限盐水平仍在争论中。目前的BP和饮食指南建议一般人群低钠摄入量。然而,特定类别的患者不会因钠负荷而发生动脉高血压。此外,最近的研究表明,即使在心力衰竭患者中,积极的钠限制也会产生有害影响。这篇简短的综述讨论了目前关于限盐的优点和缺点以及它如何影响整体健康状况的文献数据。
Dietary salt intake is a long-debated issue. Increased sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure, leading to salt-sensitive hypertension. Excessive salt intake leads to arterial stiffness in susceptible individuals via impaired nitric oxide action and increased endothelin-1 expression, overactivity of the renal sympathetic nervous system and also via aldosterone-independent activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Salt restriction in such individuals reduces blood pressure (BP) values. The optimal level of salt restriction that leads to improved cardiovascular outcomes is still under debate. Current BP and dietary guidelines recommend low sodium intake for the general population. However, a specific category of patients does not develop arterial hypertension in response to sodium loading. In addition, recent research demonstrates the deleterious effects of aggressive sodium restriction, even in heart failure patients. This mini review discusses current literature data regarding the advantages and disadvantages of salt restriction and how it impacts the overall health status.
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