miRNA: local guardians of presynaptic function in plasticity and disease.

miRNA: local guardians of presynaptic function in plasticity and disease.
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DOI:
10.1080/15476286.2020.1871214
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发表时间:
2021-07
期刊:
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Van Vactor D
Van Vactor D
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Woods BJ;Van Vactor D

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环境适应性是动物生存的重要组成部分。健身是通过全身组织(尤其是神经系统)的反应性生理可塑性来实现的。在分子水平上,神经可塑性是通过基因-环境相互作用介导的,由此发育线索和经验依赖性输入使神经元功能适应不断变化的需求。为此,神经元基因调控必须与神经活动的变化相结合。世纪的研究发现,神经活动通过钙依赖性基因转录来改变基因表达。在此模型的基础上,最近二十年的研究表明,转录编程的mRNA产物通过microRNA(miRNAs)的活性依赖性转录后作用在神经元中继续受到调节。miRNAs是一种特殊的转录后调节因子,可以在突触区室的空间和时间要求内调节基因表达。这种基因调控模式已被证明对突触功能和可塑性至关重要,因为miRNA功能丧失与神经疾病高度相关。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论目前的观点突触前可塑性和神经元中的miRNA生物合成之间的联系。
Environmental fitness is an essential component of animal survival. Fitness is achieved through responsive physiological plasticity of tissues across the entire body, and particularly in the nervous system. At the molecular level, neural plasticity is mediated via gene-environmental interactions whereby developmental cues and experience dependent input adapt neuronal function to ever changing demands. To this end, neuronal gene regulation must be coupled to changes in neural activity. Seminal discoveries of the 20th century demonstrated neural activity modifies gene expression through calcium-dependent gene transcription. Building on this model, recent work over the last two decades shows that mRNA products of transcriptional programming continue to be regulated in the neuron through the activity-dependent post-transcriptional action of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are special post-transcriptional regulators that can tune gene expression within the spatial and temporal requirements of synaptic compartments. This mode of gene regulation has proven to be essential for synaptic function and plasticity as miRNA loss of function is highly associated with neural disease. In this review we will discuss current perspective on the link between presynaptic plasticity and miRNA biogenesis in the neuron.
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