Location, location! cellular relocalization primes specialized metabolic diversification

Location, location! cellular relocalization primes specialized metabolic diversification
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位置,位置!

DOI:
10.1111/febs.15097
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
The FEBS Journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Last, Robert L.
Last, Robert L.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schenck, Craig A.;Last, Robert L.

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专门的代谢物是结构多样的,并且是在有限的植物谱系中产生的细胞或组织特异性分子。相比之下,初级代谢途径在植物中高度保守,并产生所有生命必需的代谢物,例如氨基酸和核苷酸。底物混杂性-接受非天然底物的能力-是酶的一个共同特征,其影响在产生专门的代谢物变异方面尤其明显。然而,滥交只会导致代谢多样性时,替代底物是可用的,因此,酶的细胞和亚细胞定位直接影响化学表型。我们回顾了各种机制,调节底物的可利用性混杂植物酶。我们专注于进化通过细胞类型表达、亚细胞重定位、通路隔离和通过组织损伤的细胞混合的变化导致“细胞环境”改变的例子。这些不同的机制有助于出现结构多样的植物专用代谢物,并为未来的代谢工程方法提供信息。
Specialized metabolites are structurally diverse and cell‐ or tissue‐specific molecules produced in restricted plant lineages. In contrast, primary metabolic pathways are highly conserved in plants and produce metabolites essential for all of life, such as amino acids and nucleotides. Substrate promiscuity – the capacity to accept non‐native substrates – is a common characteristic of enzymes, and its impact is especially apparent in generating specialized metabolite variation. However, promiscuity only leads to metabolic diversity when alternative substrates are available; thus, enzyme cellular and subcellular localization directly influence chemical phenotypes. We review a variety of mechanisms that modulate substrate availability for promiscuous plant enzymes. We focus on examples where evolution led to modification of the ‘cellular context’ through changes in cell‐type expression, subcellular relocalization, pathway sequestration, and cellular mixing via tissue damage. These varied mechanisms contributed to the emergence of structurally diverse plant specialized metabolites and inform future metabolic engineering approaches.
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