Nuclear-encoded factors associated with the chloroplast transcription machinery of higher plants.
Nuclear-encoded factors associated with the chloroplast transcription machinery of higher plants.
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与高等植物叶绿体转录机制相关的核编码因子
DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2014.00316
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Yang ZN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu QB;Huang C;Yang ZN
质体转录对植物的生长发育至关重要。质体中存在两种类型的RNA聚合酶：核编码的RNA聚合酶（NEP）和质体编码的RNA聚合酶（PEP）。PEP是叶绿体中主要的RNA聚合酶活性。它的核心亚基由质体基因组编码，这些亚基嵌入更大的核编码亚基复合体中。生物化学和遗传学分析鉴定出至少12种蛋白质与核心亚基紧密相关，而约34种其他蛋白质更松散地相关，产生更大的复合物，如转录活性染色体（TAC）或类核的一部分。结构域分析和功能研究表明，这些核编码的因子可能形成几个功能模块，介导光，氧化还原，磷酸化和热应激调节质体基因的表达。遗传分析还发现，一些核编码的蛋白质在叶绿体中的质体基因的表达是重要的，虽然没有观察到与转录机制的物理关联。这涵盖了几种PPR蛋白，包括CLB 19，PDM 1/SEL 1，OTP 70和YS 1，它们参与PEP核心亚基的转录物的加工，以及AtECB 2，Prin 2，SVR 4-Like和NARA 5，它们对质体基因表达也很重要，尽管它们的功能尚不清楚。
Plastid transcription is crucial for plant growth and development. There exist two types of RNA polymerases in plastids: a nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase (NEP) and plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP). PEP is the major RNA polymerase activity in chloroplast. Its core subunits are encoded by the plastid genome, and these are embedded into a larger complex of nuclear-encoded subunits. Biochemical and genetics analysis identified at least 12 proteins are tightly associated with the core subunit, while about 34 further proteins are associated more loosely generating larger complexes such as the transcriptionally active chromosome (TAC) or a part of the nucleoid. Domain analyses and functional investigations suggested that these nuclear-encoded factors may form several functional modules that mediate regulation of plastid gene expression by light, redox, phosphorylation, and heat stress. Genetic analyses also identified that some nuclear-encoded proteins in the chloroplast that are important for plastid gene expression, although a physical association with the transcriptional machinery is not observed. This covers several PPR proteins including CLB19, PDM1/SEL1, OTP70, and YS1 which are involved in the processing of transcripts for PEP core subunit as well as AtECB2, Prin2, SVR4-Like, and NARA5 that are also important for plastid gene expression, although their functions are unclear.
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