Addressing the global challenges of COVID-19 and other pulmonary diseases with microfluidic technology.
Addressing the global challenges of COVID-19 and other pulmonary diseases with microfluidic technology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eng.2022.01.003
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发表时间：
2022-01-27
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Huang TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xie Y;Becker R;Scott M;Bean K;Huang TJ
肺部疾病是人类社会面临的最严重威胁之一。自2019年末以来，冠状病毒病2019年(新冠肺炎)大流行对世界上几乎每个人的生活方式、文化和政治都产生了重大影响。新冠肺炎会导致严重的肺功能障碍，这是患者死亡的主要原因[1]。这种肺部疾病还会导致严重的心血管损伤[2]和神经问题[3]，这可能会导致慢性健康问题，如中风和心力衰竭的风险增加。在新冠肺炎之前，严重急性呼吸综合征、中东呼吸综合征和流感等呼吸道传染病已经导致数以百万计的人死亡。同样，哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、囊性纤维化、特发性肺纤维化(IPF)和肺癌等慢性呼吸道疾病继续影响着世界各地数百万人。肺部疾病的诊断通常是通过集中式实验室的DNA扩增和测序、病原体培养、免疫染色和医学图像分析来实现的。在整个新冠肺炎大流行期间一直存在的一个众所周知的问题是，全球缺乏能够在现场提供结果的快速检测方法。新冠肺炎诊断的缺陷突显了现有测试的一些根本局限性，并促使对所有肺部疾病的诊断技术进行创新。即使对于已经确诊的患者，治疗方面的主要障碍也使许多肺部疾病特别致命。目前肺部疾病的治疗在很大程度上依赖于口服或静脉注射的药物，并通过循环将药物输送到呼吸道。除了向靶器官传递效率低之外，这些传递方法通常具有高度的非特异性，并且可能对多个非预期的最终器官产生毒性。使用一种定制的递送方法将是理想的，这种方法可以通过呼吸道有效地将药物输送到靶器官(即肺部)。
Pulmonary diseases present one of the most severe threats to human society. Since late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the lifestyle, culture, and politics of almost everyone in the world. COVID-19 causes severe pulmonary dysfunction, which is a major cause of mortality for those affected [1]. This pulmonary disease also causes significant cardiovascular damage [2] and neurological problems [3], which could lead to chronic health issues such as an increased risk of stroke and heart failure. Before COVID-19, infectious airway diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza had already caused millions of mortalities. Likewise, chronic airway diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer continue to impact millions of people around the world.Diagnosis of lung disease is usually achieved through DNA amplification and sequencing, pathogen culturing, immunostaining, and medical image analysis in centralized labs. A well-recognized problem that has persisted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has been the poor global availability of rapid tests that can deliver results on-site. The shortcomings in COVID-19 diagnostics highlight some of the fundamental limitations of existing tests and motivate a significant need for innovations in diagnostic technologies for all pulmonary diseases. Even for patients that have been diagnosed, major obstacles in therapeutics make many pulmonary diseases particularly deadly. Current treatments for pulmonary diseases largely rely on medication that is taken orally or through intravenous injections and delivered to the airway through the circulation. Besides their poor efficiency of delivery to the target organ, these methods of delivery are often highly nonspecific and can be toxic to multiple unintended end organs. It would be ideal to use a customized delivery approach that can efficiently deliver drugs to the target organ (ie, the lungs) via the airways.
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DOI：
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期刊：
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