Predictors of subjective physical health and global well-being similarities and differences between the United States and Germany
Predictors of subjective physical health and global well-being similarities and differences between the United States and Germany
复制标题
美国和德国主观身体健康和全球福祉预测指标的异同
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Baltes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
U. Staudinger;W. Fleeson;P. Baltes
在具有代表性的美国（N = 2400）和德国（N = 1607）成年人样本（年龄范围：25-65岁）中，比较了主观身体健康和整体幸福感的预测因素。由于西方工业化国家之间的文化重叠，预测模式的相似性是意料之中的。然而，经济和社会制度的差异以及文化背景的差异也应该产生差异。正如预期的那样，三组预测因子（社会结构变量、人格特征和自我调节特征）的总体预测能力在两个国家都相当可观。最强的独特预测指标是主观身体健康的自我调节指标和全球福祉的人格特征。此外，然而，理论一致的国家差异出现在如何协调个人和社会资源以最大限度地提高福祉。对健康、幸福或主观幸福的追求是人类生存的核心。因此，毫不奇怪，主观幸福感和主观身体健康是心理学研究的热门话题。关于预测全球和特定领域主观幸福感的个人特征和背景因素的问题是该研究的核心。在主观幸福感的自下而上和自上而下模型的背景下，讨论了三个主要来源：社会结构特征、人格特征和自我调节指标（例如，Brief, Butcher, George, & Link, 1993； Costa等人，1987;Diener, 1994; Ryff, 1989; Smith, Fleeson, Geiselmann, Settersten, & Kunzmann, 1999; Staudinger & Fleeson 1996; Veenhoven, 1991）。此外，寿命理论认为，社会结构特征和心理特征可能具有不同的功能，因此，根据它们所嵌入的更大的文化背景，表现出不同的效果。
Predictors of subjective physical health and global well-being were compared in a representative U.S. (N = 2,400) and a German (N = 1,607) sample of adults (age range: 25-65 years). Because of cultural overlap between Western industrialized nations, similarities in predictive patterns were expected. Differences in the economic and social systems as well as the cultural background, however, should also generate differences. As expected, the overall predictive power of the three sets of predictors (sociostructural variables, personality traits, and self-regulatory characteristics) was sizable in both countries. The strongest unique predictors were self-regulatory indicators for subjective physical health and personality traits for global well-being. In addition, however, theory-consistent country differences emerged in how personal and social resources seem to be orchestrated to maximize well-being. The pursuits of health and happiness or subjective well-being are central to human existence. Not surprisingly, therefore, subjective well-being and subjective physical health are popular topics of psychological research. Questions concerning the personal characteristics and contextual factors that predict global and domainspecific subjective well-being are central in that line of research. In the context of bottom-up and top-down models of subjective well-being, three main sources are discussed: sociostructural characteristics, personality traits, and self-regulatory indicators (e.g., Brief, Butcher, George, & Link, 1993; Costa et al, 1987; Diener, 1994; Ryff, 1989; Smith, Fleeson, Geiselmann, Settersten, & Kunzmann, 1999; Staudinger & Fleeson 1996; Veenhoven, 1991). Further, lifespan theory argues that sociostructural characteristics as well as psychological characteristics might take on different functions and, therefore, show different effects depending on the larger cultural context in which they are embedded (e.g., P. B.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Marmot, M;Ryff, CD;Marks, NF
通讯作者：
Marks, NF