Developmental diversity in free-living flatworms.
Developmental diversity in free-living flatworms.
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DOI：
10.1186/2041-9139-3-7
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发表时间：
2012-03-19
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Egger B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martín-Durán JM;Egger B
扁虫胚胎学自比较进化生物学早期开始以来就引起了人们的注意。扁形动物（不包括无腔动物门）长期以来被认为是最基本的两侧性动物，现在被有力地置于螺旋形动物之内。尽管扁虫胚胎学的研究已经失去了解释从径向对称动物到两侧对称动物的转变的意义，但它对理解两侧对称动物的多样性和发育机制仍然具有重要意义。扁虫是一种无体腔生物，通常具有简单的中央神经系统、盲肠，并且除了表皮之外缺乏循环器官、骨骼和呼吸系统。再生和无性繁殖，全能的新生干细胞系统的基础上，广泛存在于不同群体的扁形虫。虽然一些更基本的分支群体-如polyclad扁形虫-保留了祖先的四重螺旋卵裂模式，但大多数扁形虫已显着偏离这种模式，并表现出独特的策略来指定常见的成人身体计划。大多数自由生活的扁形虫（即扁形动物，不包括寄生的新皮动物）是直接发育的，而在多枝类中，也发现了具有中间自由生活幼虫阶段和随后变态的间接发育者。发育多样性的比较研究有助于理解进化生物学中的主要问题，如卵裂模式的进化，原肠胚形成和轴向特化，幼虫类型的进化，以及器官系统的多样化和专业化。在这篇综述中，我们提出了一个全面的概述了不同群体的自由生活（Turbellarian）的扁形动物，包括Catenulida，Macrostomorpha，Polycladida，Lecithoepitheliata，Proseriata，Bothrioplanida，Rhabdocoela，Fecampiida，Prolecithophora和Tricladida的胚胎发育，并讨论了他们的主要特点下的一致同意的门的系统发育。
Flatworm embryology has attracted attention since the early beginnings of comparative evolutionary biology. Considered for a long time the most basal bilaterians, the Platyhelminthes (excluding Acoelomorpha) are now robustly placed within the Spiralia. Despite having lost their relevance to explain the transition from radially to bilaterally symmetrical animals, the study of flatworm embryology is still of great importance to understand the diversification of bilaterians and of developmental mechanisms. Flatworms are acoelomate organisms generally with a simple centralized nervous system, a blind gut, and lacking a circulatory organ, a skeleton and a respiratory system other than the epidermis. Regeneration and asexual reproduction, based on a totipotent neoblast stem cell system, are broadly present among different groups of flatworms. While some more basally branching groups - such as polyclad flatworms - retain the ancestral quartet spiral cleavage pattern, most flatworms have significantly diverged from this pattern and exhibit unique strategies to specify the common adult body plan. Most free-living flatworms (i.e. Platyhelminthes excluding the parasitic Neodermata) are directly developing, whereas in polyclads, also indirect developers with an intermediate free-living larval stage and subsequent metamorphosis are found. A comparative study of developmental diversity may help understanding major questions in evolutionary biology, such as the evolution of cleavage patterns, gastrulation and axial specification, the evolution of larval types, and the diversification and specialization of organ systems. In this review, we present a thorough overview of the embryonic development of the different groups of free-living (turbellarian) platyhelminths, including the Catenulida, Macrostomorpha, Polycladida, Lecithoepitheliata, Proseriata, Bothrioplanida, Rhabdocoela, Fecampiida, Prolecithophora and Tricladida, and discuss their main features under a consensus phylogeny of the phylum.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Boyer, BC;Henry, JQ;Martindale, MQ
通讯作者：
Martindale, MQ
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cardona, A;Fernández, J;Romero, R
通讯作者：
Romero, R
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Bardeen, CR
通讯作者：
Bardeen, CR
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cardona, A;Hartenstein, V;Romero, R
通讯作者：
Romero, R
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Boyer, BC;Henry, JJ;Martindale, MQ
通讯作者：
Martindale, MQ