Fingerprints and paternity testing: a study of genetics and probability in pre-DNA forensic science

Fingerprints and paternity testing: a study of genetics and probability in pre-DNA forensic science
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指纹和亲子鉴定:前 DNA 法医学中的遗传学和概率研究

DOI:
10.1093/lpr/mgz014
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Probability and Risk
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Asen, Daniel
Asen, Daniel
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Asen, Daniel

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本文是对法医科学研究人员尝试开发基于指纹图案(一种部分遗传的身体特征)的亲子鉴定的研究。这些正在研究的项目在不同的时间和地点进行,从奥地利到日本再到中国,从 20 世纪初期到 20 世纪 90 年代,代表了数十年国际科学交流中持续进行的对话,内容涉及如何从指纹中提取遗传信息,并将这些数据作为科学上有效的证据在法庭上呈现。随着时间的推移,从事这项工作的人们越来越多地尝试以可量化甚至概率的方式提供基于指纹的亲子关系证据的方法。基于指纹的亲子鉴定仍然是法医实践中一个不起眼的领域,并最终被血清学和 DNA 分析的进步所掩盖。尽管如此,法医学的这个陌生角落可以为现代法医学中统计专业知识和概率推理的历史提供额外的视角,包括贝叶斯方法的应用。这些测试所产生的大量 20 世纪“皮纹学”知识也继续影响着当今潜纹检查所依据的科学知识的基础。
This article is a study of forensic science researchers’ attempts to develop paternity tests based on fingerprint patterning, a physical trait that is partially inherited. Pursued in different times and places—ranging from Austria to Japan to China and from the early 20th century to the 1990s—the projects under study represent an ongoing dialogue, carried out through decades of international scientific exchange, about how to extract genetic information from fingerprints and present this data as scientifically-valid evidence in courts of law. Over time, those who engaged in this work increasingly experimented with methods for presenting fingerprint-based evidence of paternity in quantifiable and even probabilistic terms. Fingerprint-based paternity tests remained an obscure area of forensic practice and were eventually overshadowed by advances in serology and DNA profiling. This unfamiliar corner of forensic science, nonetheless, can provide additional perspective on the history of statistical expertise and probabilistic reasoning in modern forensic science, including the application of Bayesian approaches. The larger body of 20th-century ‘dermatoglyphics’ knowledge out of which these tests emerged also continues to influence the foundation of scientific knowledge on which latent print examination is based today.
我们部门过去11年的亲子鉴定
DOI: --
发表时间: 1990
期刊:
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R. Nanikawa;F. Moriya;M. Nakai;Y. Hashimoto
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使用预定指标对亲子鉴定结果进行数值表达。
DOI: --
发表时间: 1980
影响因子: 3.5
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亲子关系的生物数学证据:Erik Essen-Möller 的 Festschrift
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发表时间: 1981
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双胞胎:遗传与环境的研究。
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发表时间: 1937
影响因子: 3.7
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A. Ciocco;H. H. Newman;F. Freeman;K. Holzinger
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血型遗传学研究的历史:最初的发现和传播。
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发表时间: 1996
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W. Schneider
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