Bayesian surprise attracts human attention.

Bayesian surprise attracts human attention.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.visres.2008.09.007
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发表时间:
2009-06
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Baldi P
Baldi P
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Itti L;Baldi P

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我们提出了一个正式的贝叶斯定义的惊喜捕捉主观方面的感官信息。惊喜衡量数据如何影响观察者,即关于世界的后验和先验信念之间的差异。只有那些对观察者的信念产生实质性影响的数据观察才会产生惊奇,而不管这些观察在香农的意义上是多么罕见或多么有信息量。我们通过量化人类在看电视时可能将注意力和目光转向令人惊讶的事件或项目的程度来测试该框架。为此,我们实现了一个简单的计算模型,其中一个低层次的,感官形式的惊喜计算简单的模拟早期视觉神经元。贝叶斯惊讶是人类注意力的一个强大吸引力,72%的视线转移指向比平均水平更令人惊讶的位置,当将分析集中在所有观察者同时选择的区域时,这一数字上升到84%。所提出的惊喜理论适用于不同的时空尺度,模态和抽象层次。
We propose a formal Bayesian definition of surprise to capture subjective aspects of sensory information. Surprise measures how data affects an observer, in terms of differences between posterior and prior beliefs about the world. Only data observations which substantially affect the observer’s beliefs yield surprise, irrespectively of how rare or informative in Shannon’s sense these observations are. We test the framework by quantifying the extent to which humans may orient attention and gaze towards surprising events or items while watching television. To this end, we implement a simple computational model where a low-level, sensory form of surprise is computed by simple simulated early visual neurons. Bayesian surprise is a strong attractor of human attention, with 72% of all gaze shifts directed towards locations more surprising than the average, a figure rising to 84% when focusing the analysis onto regions simultaneously selected by all observers. The proposed theory of surprise is applicable across different spatio-temporal scales, modalities, and levels of abstraction.
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