Smart Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications-A Review.

Smart Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications-A Review.
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智能纳米材料在生物医学中的应用。

DOI:
10.3390/nano11020396
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发表时间:
2021-02-04
期刊:
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Aflori M
Aflori M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aflori M

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纳米技术的最新进展已经迫使获得具有多种功能的新材料。由于其尺寸减小,纳米材料表现出突出的物理化学功能:增加的吸收和反应性,更高的表面积,摩尔消光系数,可调等离子体性质,量子效应,以及磁性和光学性质。然而,在生物医学领域,由于纳米材料的局限性(包括非生物相容性、光稳定性差、靶向能力低、肾脏清除快、对其他器官有副作用、细胞摄取不足、血液滞留量小),仍然很难使用纳米材料制成的工具进行更好的治疗,因此必须开发其他类型的具有可控能力的纳米材料,称为“智能”纳米材料。在这种背景下,现代科学界开发了一种纳米材料,这种材料的物理、化学或生物特性会因微小的环境变化而发生巨大的可逆变化。这篇系统的小型综述旨在概述纳米材料对各种刺激的响应的最新研究,包括它们在生物医学领域的最新应用。
Recent advances in nanotechnology have forced the obtaining of new materials with multiple functionalities. Due to their reduced dimensions, nanomaterials exhibit outstanding physio-chemical functionalities: increased absorption and reactivity, higher surface area, molar extinction coefficients, tunable plasmonic properties, quantum effects, and magnetic and photo properties. However, in the biomedical field, it is still difficult to use tools made of nanomaterials for better therapeutics due to their limitations (including non-biocompatible, poor photostabilities, low targeting capacity, rapid renal clearance, side effects on other organs, insufficient cellular uptake, and small blood retention), so other types with controlled abilities must be developed, called “smart” nanomaterials. In this context, the modern scientific community developed a kind of nanomaterial which undergoes large reversible changes in its physical, chemical, or biological properties as a consequence of small environmental variations. This systematic mini-review is intended to provide an overview of the newest research on nanosized materials responding to various stimuli, including their up-to-date application in the biomedical field.
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