Polycomb complexes in X chromosome inactivation.

Polycomb complexes in X chromosome inactivation.
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DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2017.0021
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发表时间:
2017-11-05
期刊:
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brockdorff N
Brockdorff N
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brockdorff N

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确定引发Xist介导的沉默的关键RNA结合蛋白(RBP)一直是X染色体失活研究的一个关键目标。早期研究表明多梳蛋白(Polycomb proteins)与此相关,多梳蛋白是与两种主要的多蛋白复合物PRC1和PRC2之一相关的一族因子(Wang 2001《自然遗传学》28卷,371 - 375页(doi:10.1038/ng574);Silva 2003《发育细胞》4卷,481 - 495页(doi:10.1016/S1534 - 5807(03)00068 - 6);de Napoles 2004《发育细胞》7卷,663 - 676页(doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2004.10.005);Plath 2003《科学》300卷,131 - 135页(doi:10.1126/science.1084274))。PRC1和PRC2复合物分别催化特定的组蛋白翻译后修饰(PTM),即组蛋白H2A在赖氨酸119位的泛素化(H2AK119u1)和组蛋白H3在赖氨酸27位的甲基化(H3K27me3),因此,这些修饰在失活的X染色体(Xi)的整个长度上高度富集。一项关键研究提出,PRC2亚基直接与Xist RNA的A - 重复元件结合,该区域位于转录本的5′端,已知是Xist介导的沉默所必需的(Zhao 2008《科学》322卷,750 - 756页(doi:10.1126/science.1163045))。随后推测PRC1的募集是通过PRC1的CBX亚基识别PRC2介导的H3K27me3而发生的,正如在其他多梳蛋白靶位点所显示的情况一样(Cao 2002《科学》298卷,1039 - 1043页(doi:10.1126/science.1076997))。最近,一些报道对主流观点的某些方面提出了质疑,包括关于Xist RNA募集多梳蛋白的机制以及多梳蛋白途径对Xist介导的沉默的贡献。在本文中,我概述了我们最近在解决这些差异方面取得的进展。 本文是“X染色体失活:向玛丽·莱昂致敬”主题特刊的一部分。
Identifying the critical RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that elicit Xist mediated silencing has been a key goal in X inactivation research. Early studies implicated the Polycomb proteins, a family of factors linked to one of two major multiprotein complexes, PRC1 and PRC2 (Wang 2001 Nat. Genet. 28, 371–375 (doi:10.1038/ng574); Silva 2003 Dev. Cell 4, 481–495 (doi:10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00068-6); de Napoles 2004 Dev. Cell 7, 663–676 (doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2004.10.005); Plath 2003 Science 300, 131–135 (doi:10.1126/science.1084274)). PRC1 and PRC2 complexes catalyse specific histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), ubiquitylation of histone H2A at position lysine 119 (H2AK119u1) and methylation of histone H3 at position lysine 27 (H3K27me3), respectively, and accordingly, these modifications are highly enriched over the length of the inactive X chromosome (Xi). A key study proposed that PRC2 subunits bind directly to Xist RNA A-repeat element, a region located at the 5′ end of the transcript known to be required for Xist mediated silencing (Zhao 2008 Science 322, 750–756 (doi:10.1126/science.1163045)). Subsequent recruitment of PRC1 was assumed to occur via recognition of PRC2 mediated H3K27me3 by the CBX subunit of PRC1, as has been shown to be the case at other Polycomb target loci (Cao 2002 Science 298, 1039–1043 (doi:10.1126/science.1076997)). More recently, several reports have questioned aspects of the prevailing view, both in relation to the mechanism for Polycomb recruitment by Xist RNA and the contribution of the Polycomb pathway to Xist mediated silencing. In this article I provide an overview of our recent progress towards resolving these discrepancies. This article is part of the themed issue ‘X-chromosome inactivation: a tribute to Mary Lyon’.
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RING1B对于调节发育控制基因和PRC1蛋白而言至关重要,而不是胚胎细胞中的X失活。
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