Exercise Counteracts the Deleterious Effects of Cancer Cachexia.
Exercise Counteracts the Deleterious Effects of Cancer Cachexia.
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作者：
本文综述了运动训练对癌症恶病质（CC）相关机制的影响。该综述还讨论了癌症合并症如何影响癌症患者/动物进行运动训练的能力，以及在运动时应采取哪些预防措施。其他因素的贡献，如运动方式和生物性别，在改善CC的运动效果也阐述在最后部分。我们提供了细致的证据，证明运动训练在分子和细胞水平上对CC患者/动物有多么有利。最后，我们强调应该考虑哪些因素来优化和个性化CC中的运动训练计划。癌症恶病质（CC）是一种多因素综合征，其特征是癌症患者的体重和肌肉质量意外减轻。与CC发展和进展相关的主要标志包括不平衡的蛋白质周转、炎症信号传导、线粒体功能障碍和卫星细胞失调。到目前为止，还没有有效的治疗方法来抵消CC患者的肌肉萎缩。运动训练已被提出作为CC的潜在治疗方法。本文综述了运动训练在CC相关机制中的作用，以及癌症合并症、运动方式和生物性别等因素如何影响CC的运动效果。小鼠和人类的证据表明，运动训练可以对抗CC的所有特征。几种运动方式诱导CC患者/动物的有益适应，但同时进行阻力和耐力训练被认为是最佳的运动类型。对于存在合并症的癌症患者，应仅在特定指南和预防措施下进行运动训练，以避免不良反应。使用不同生物性别对CC研究的观察性比较显示，男性和女性癌症患者/动物之间运动诱导的适应相似，但需要进一步的研究来证实这一点。
This review provides an overview of the effects of exercise training on the major mechanisms related to cancer cachexia (CC). The review also discusses how cancer comorbidities can influence the ability of patients/animals with cancer to perform exercise training and what precautions should be taken when they exercise. The contribution of other factors, such as exercise modality and biological sex, to exercise effectiveness in ameliorating CC are also elaborated in the final sections. We provide meticulous evidence for how advantageous exercise training can be in patients/animals with CC at molecular and cellular levels. Finally, we emphasise what factors should be considered to optimise and personalise an exercise training program in CC. Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by unintentional loss of body weight and muscle mass in patients with cancer. The major hallmarks associated with CC development and progression include imbalanced protein turnover, inflammatory signalling, mitochondrial dysfunction and satellite cell dysregulation. So far, there is no effective treatment to counteract muscle wasting in patients with CC. Exercise training has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for CC. This review provides an overview of the effects of exercise training in CC-related mechanisms as well as how factors such as cancer comorbidities, exercise modality and biological sex can influence exercise effectiveness in CC. Evidence in mice and humans suggests exercise training combats all of the hallmarks of CC. Several exercise modalities induce beneficial adaptations in patients/animals with CC, but concurrent resistance and endurance training is considered the optimal type of exercise. In the case of cancer patients presenting comorbidities, exercise training should be performed only under specific guidelines and precautions to avoid adverse effects. Observational comparison of studies in CC using different biological sex shows exercise-induced adaptations are similar between male and female patients/animals with cancer, but further studies are needed to confirm this.
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DOI：
10.1002/jcsm.12354
发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brown JL;Lee DE;Rosa-Caldwell ME;Brown LA;Perry RA;Haynie WS;Huseman K;Sataranatarajan K;Van Remmen H;Washington TA;Wiggs MP;Greene NP
通讯作者：
Greene NP
DOI：
10.1002/jcsm.12232
发表时间：
2017-12
期刊：
Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brown JL;Rosa-Caldwell ME;Lee DE;Blackwell TA;Brown LA;Perry RA;Haynie WS;Hardee JP;Carson JA;Wiggs MP;Washington TA;Greene NP
通讯作者：
Greene NP
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Alves de Lima E Jr;Teixeira AAS;Biondo LA;Diniz TA;Silveira LS;Coletti D;Busquets Rius S;Rosa Neto JC
通讯作者：
Rosa Neto JC
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Ballaro, Riccardo;Penna, Fabio;Costelli, Paola
通讯作者：
Costelli, Paola
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Carter, SL;Rennie, CD;Tarnopolsky, MA
通讯作者：
Tarnopolsky, MA