Adenosine and adenosine receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.
Adenosine and adenosine receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrrheum.2016.178
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发表时间：
2017-01
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腺苷是一种主要源自腺嘌呤核苷酸的细胞外水解的核苷，是炎症的有效调节剂。腺苷通过与一种或多种细胞表面受体结合来介导其对炎症细胞的影响。不同细胞类型上腺苷受体的表达和功能在风湿性疾病（例如类风湿性关节炎）的过程中会发生变化。目前正在研究直接靶向腺苷受体来治疗风湿性疾病；然而，通过提高发炎部位的腺苷水平来间接靶向腺苷受体是甲氨蝶呤（治疗类风湿性关节炎的锚定药物）的大部分抗炎作用的原因。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了细胞外腺苷水平的调节以及腺苷在调节风湿性疾病（如类风湿关节炎、牛皮癣和其他类型的炎症性关节炎）的炎症和免疫反应中的作用。此外，腺苷及其受体参与促进皮肤和其他器官中纤维基质的产生，腺苷在纤维化和纤维化疾病中的作用也将被讨论。
Adenosine, a nucleoside derived primarily from the extracellular hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides, is a potent regulator of inflammation. Adenosine mediates its effects on inflammatory cells by engaging one or more cell-surface receptors. The expression and function of adenosine receptors on different cell types change during the course of rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Targeting adenosine receptors directly for the treatment of rheumatic diseases is currently under study; however, indirect targeting of adenosine receptors by enhancing adenosine levels at inflamed sites accounts for most of the anti-inflammatory effects of methotrexate, the anchor drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of extracellular adenosine levels and the role of adenosine in regulating the inflammatory and immune responses in rheumatic diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, psoriasis and other types of inflammatory arthritis. In addition, adenosine and its receptors are involved in promoting fibrous matrix production in the skin and other organs and the role of adenosine in fibrosis and fibrosing diseases will also be discussed.
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