Trends in the evolution of intronless genes in Poaceae.

Trends in the evolution of intronless genes in Poaceae.
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禾本科无内含子基因的进化趋势

DOI:
10.3389/fpls.2023.1065631
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
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--
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无内含子基因(IGs)是原核生物的一个特征,是一组有趣的基因,也存在于真核生物中。在目前的研究中,禾本科基因组的比较显示,IGs的起源可能涉及古老的内含子剪接,逆转录和反转录转座。此外,IGs表现出快速进化的典型特征,包括最近的重复,可变的拷贝数,旁系同源物之间的低分歧,以及高的非同义与同义取代比率。通过沿着系统发育树对IG家族的追踪,我们确定了IG家族在禾本科亚科之间的进化动态是不同的。在早熟禾亚科和稻亚科分化前,IG家族迅速发展,分化后,IG家族扩展缓慢。相反,它们在Chloridoideae和Panicoideae进化过程中逐渐一致地出现。此外,IG以低水平表达。在宽松的选择压力下,反转录易位、内含子丢失、基因复制和转换可能促进IGs的进化。IGs的全面表征对于深入研究内含子的功能和进化以及评估内含子在真核生物中的重要性至关重要。
Intronless genes (IGs), which are a feature of prokaryotes, are a fascinating group of genes that are also present in eukaryotes. In the current study, a comparison of Poaceae genomes revealed that the origin of IGs may have involved ancient intronic splicing, reverse transcription, and retrotranspositions. Additionally, IGs exhibit the typical features of rapid evolution, including recent duplications, variable copy numbers, low divergence between paralogs, and high non-synonymous to synonymous substitution ratios. By tracing IG families along the phylogenetic tree, we determined that the evolutionary dynamics of IGs differed among Poaceae subfamilies. IG families developed rapidly before the divergence of Pooideae and Oryzoideae and expanded slowly after the divergence. In contrast, they emerged gradually and consistently in the Chloridoideae and Panicoideae clades during evolution. Furthermore, IGs are expressed at low levels. Under relaxed selection pressure, retrotranspositions, intron loss, and gene duplications and conversions may promote the evolution of IGs. The comprehensive characterization of IGs is critical for in-depth studies on intron functions and evolution as well as for assessing the importance of introns in eukaryotes.
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