Long-range sequential dependencies precede complex syntactic production in language acquisition.
Long-range sequential dependencies precede complex syntactic production in language acquisition.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2021.2657
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发表时间：
2022-03-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gentner TQ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sainburg T;Mai A;Gentner TQ
为了传达意义，人类语言依赖于跨越单词、短语、句子和话语的分层组织的远程关系。随着人类语言序列中元素（例如音素、字符、单词）之间的距离增加，这些元素之间的远程关系的强度按照幂律衰减。这种幂律关系被不同程度地归因于人类语言语法、语义和话语结构中存在的远程顺序组织。然而，许多系统发育上遥远的物种（从座头鲸的歌声到果蝇的运动）的非语言行为也表现出类似的长期统计依赖性。因此，我们假设人类语音中的长期统计依赖性可能独立于语言结构而发生。为了检验这一假设，我们测量了多个儿童（6 个月至 12 岁）语音语料库的长程依赖性。我们发现，在最早可检测的年龄，在产生复杂的语言结构之前，人类发声中就存在类似成人的幂律统计依赖性。因此，这些语言结构不能成为语言中长期统计依赖性的唯一原因。
To convey meaning, human language relies on hierarchically organized, long-range relationships spanning words, phrases, sentences and discourse. As the distances between elements (e.g. phonemes, characters, words) in human language sequences increase, the strength of the long-range relationships between those elements decays following a power law. This power-law relationship has been attributed variously to long-range sequential organization present in human language syntax, semantics and discourse structure. However, non-linguistic behaviours in numerous phylogenetically distant species, ranging from humpback whale song to fruit fly motility, also demonstrate similar long-range statistical dependencies. Therefore, we hypothesized that long-range statistical dependencies in human speech may occur independently of linguistic structure. To test this hypothesis, we measured long-range dependencies in several speech corpora from children (aged 6 months–12 years). We find that adult-like power-law statistical dependencies are present in human vocalizations at the earliest detectable ages, prior to the production of complex linguistic structure. These linguistic structures cannot, therefore, be the sole cause of long-range statistical dependencies in language.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1607601113
发表时间：
2016-10-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Berman, Gordon J.;Bialek, William;Shaevitz, Joshua W.
通讯作者：
Shaevitz, Joshua W.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Botvinick MM;Niv Y;Barto AG
通讯作者：
Barto AG
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Bruno, Julia Hyland;Tchernichovski, Ofer
通讯作者：
Tchernichovski, Ofer
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Boffetta, G;Carbone, V;Vulpiani, A
通讯作者：
Vulpiani, A
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Allegrini, P;Grigolini, P;Palatella, L
通讯作者：
Palatella, L