Superelastic Hard Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels

Superelastic Hard Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels
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超弹性硬碳纳米纤维气凝胶

DOI:
10.1002/adma.201900651
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发表时间:
2019-04
期刊:
影响因子:
29.4
通讯作者:
Yu Shu-Hong
Yu Shu-Hong
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yu Zhi-Long;Qin Bing;Ma Zhi-Yuan;Huang Jin;Li Si-Cheng;Zhao Hao-Yu;Li Han;Zhu Yin-Bo;Wu Heng-An;Yu Shu-Hong

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超弹性炭气凝胶是近年来发展起来的一类新型炭气凝胶材料。这些软气凝胶通常具有精细的微观结构,具有良好的抗疲劳性,但强度极低。由于sp3‐C‐诱导的乱层“纸牌屋”结构,硬碳气凝胶在机械强度和结构稳定性方面显示出巨大的优势。然而,制造超弹性硬碳基气凝胶仍然是一个挑战。通过合理的纳米纤维结构设计,可以将传统的刚性酚醛树脂转化为超弹性硬碳气凝胶。硬碳纳米纤维和丰富的焊接接头赋予硬碳气凝胶坚固稳定的机械性能,包括超弹性、高强度、极快的恢复速度(860 mm s−1)、低能量损耗系数(<0.16)、长循环寿命和耐热/耐寒性。这些新兴的硬碳纤维气凝胶在具有高稳定性和宽检测范围(50 kPa)的压阻式应力传感器以及可拉伸或可弯曲导体的应用中具有很大的前景。
Superelastic carbon aerogels have been widely explored by graphitic carbons and soft carbons. These soft aerogels usually have delicate microstructures with good fatigue resistance but ultralow strength. Hard carbon aerogels show great advantages in mechanical strength and structural stability due to the sp3‐C‐induced turbostratic “house‐of‐cards” structure. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic hard carbon‐based aerogels. Through rational nanofibrous structural design, the traditional rigid phenolic resin can be converted into superelastic hard carbon aerogels. The hard carbon nanofibers and abundant welded junctions endow the hard carbon aerogels with robust and stable mechanical performance, including superelasticity, high strength, extremely fast recovery speed (860 mm s−1), low energy‐loss coefficient (<0.16), long cycle lifespan, and heat/cold‐endurance. These emerging hard carbon nanofiber aerogels hold a great promise in the application of piezoresistive stress sensors with high stability and wide detection range (50 kPa), as well as stretchable or bendable conductors.
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