Key genes of electron transfer, the nitrogen cycle and tetracycline removal in bioelectrochemical systems.
Key genes of electron transfer, the nitrogen cycle and tetracycline removal in bioelectrochemical systems.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13068-023-02430-z
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发表时间：
2023-11-16
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土壤微生物燃料电池（mfc）可以同时去除抗生素和抗生素耐药基因（ARGs），但其去除机制尚不清楚。本研究通过宏基因组分析揭示了土壤MFC中参与降解、电子转移和氮循环的功能基因。结果表明，土壤MFC有效去除正极重叠区域的四环素，比对照提高64%。添加四环素后，ARGs丰度增加了14%（扩增的ARGs中有54%属于外排泵基因），而土壤MFC中ARGs丰度减少了17%。鉴定出5种潜在的四环素降解菌，其中尤以Phenylobacterium zucineum为代表，该菌可分泌EC 1.14.13.84编码的4-羟基苯乙酮单加氧酶，催化脱酰或脱羧。芽孢杆菌、地杆菌、厌氧菌、卡拉amazoogemmatirosa和Steroidobacter反硝化菌分别以泛素还原酶（EC 1.6.5.3）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（EC 1.3.5.1）、辅酶q -细胞色素c还原酶（EC 1.10.2.2）、细胞色素c氧化酶（EC 1.9.3.1）和电子转移黄蛋白-泛素氧化还原酶（EC 1.5.5.1）作为配合物I、II、III、IV和泛素加速电子转移。此外，氮代谢相关基因丰度增加了16%，以支持土壤MFC的微生物功效，特别是EC 1.7.5.1，并且亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐相互转化的编码明显提高。土壤MFC促进了功能性细菌的生长，增加了功能性基因丰度（包括氮循环、电子转移和生物降解），并促进了抗生素和ARG的去除。因此，土壤mfc在抗生素污染土壤修复中具有广阔的应用前景。本研究在基因水平上揭示了土壤生物电化学修复中的生物降解机制。在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1186/s13068-023-02430-z获得。
Soil microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can remove antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) simultaneously, but their removal mechanism is unclear. In this study, metagenomic analysis was employed to reveal the functional genes involved in degradation, electron transfer and the nitrogen cycle in the soil MFC. The results showed that the soil MFC effectively removed tetracycline in the overlapping area of the cathode and anode, which was 64% higher than that of the control. The ARGs abundance increased by 14% after tetracycline was added (54% of the amplified ARGs belonged to efflux pump genes), while the abundance decreased by 17% in the soil MFC. Five potential degraders of tetracycline were identified, especially the species Phenylobacterium zucineum, which could secrete the 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase encoded by EC 1.14.13.84 to catalyse deacylation or decarboxylation. Bacillus, Geobacter, Anaerolinea, Gemmatirosa kalamazoonesis and Steroidobacter denitrificans since ubiquinone reductase (encoded by EC 1.6.5.3), succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.1), Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.10.2.2), cytochrome-c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) and electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (EC 1.5.5.1) served as complexes I, II, III, IV and ubiquinone, respectively, to accelerate electron transfer. Additionally, nitrogen metabolism-related gene abundance increased by 16% to support the microbial efficacy in the soil MFC, and especially EC 1.7.5.1, and coding the mutual conversion between nitrite and nitrate was obviously improved. The soil MFC promoted functional bacterial growth, increased functional gene abundance (including nitrogen cycling, electron transfer, and biodegradation), and facilitated antibiotic and ARG removal. Therefore, soil MFCs have expansive prospects in the remediation of antibiotic-contaminated soil. This study provides insight into the biodegradation mechanism at the gene level in soil bioelectrochemical remediation. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-023-02430-z.
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