The regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm function in nematodes.
The regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm function in nematodes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.005
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Stanfield GM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis RE;Stanfield GM
线虫C.在秀丽线虫中，雄性和自能生殖的雌雄同体都产生精子。因此，研究人员已经能够使用广泛的遗传和基因组技术来剖析精子发育和功能的各个方面。他们的结果表明，精子发生的早期阶段是由转录和翻译过程控制的，但后期阶段是由蛋白激酶和磷酸酶主导的。一旦精子细胞产生，它们就参与与其他细胞的许多相互作用-来自体细胞性腺的信号决定精子何时激活并开始爬行，来自雌性生殖组织的信号引导精子，来自精子的信号刺激卵母细胞成熟并排卵。精子与其他精子和卵母细胞也表现出强烈的竞争性相互作用。一些介导这些过程的分子在动物精子中具有保守的功能，另一些是保守的蛋白质，这些蛋白质在线虫精子中已经适应了新的角色，还有一些是新的蛋白质，它们提供了对进化变化的见解。新技术的出现应该使该系统保持在细胞和生殖生物学研究的前沿。
In the nematode C. elegans, both males and self-fertile hermaphrodites produce sperm. As a result, researchers have been able to use a broad range of genetic and genomic techniques to dissect all aspects of sperm development and function. Their results show that the early stages of spermatogenesis are controlled by transcriptional and translational processes, but later stages are dominated by protein kinases and phosphatases. Once spermatids are produced, they participate in many interactions with other cells — signals from the somatic gonad determine when sperm activate and begin to crawl, signals from the female reproductive tissues guide the sperm, and signals from sperm stimulate oocytes to mature and be ovulated. The sperm also show strong competitive interactions with other sperm and oocytes. Some of the molecules that mediate these processes have conserved functions in animal sperm, others are conserved proteins that have been adapted for new roles in nematode sperm, and some are novel proteins that provide insights into evolutionary change. The advent of new techniques should keep this system on the cutting edge of research in cellular and reproductive biology.
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