The mode and tempo of hepatitis C virus evolution within and among hosts.

The mode and tempo of hepatitis C virus evolution within and among hosts.
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DOI:
10.1186/1471-2148-11-131
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发表时间:
2011-05-19
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Pybus OG
Pybus OG
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gray RR;Parker J;Lemey P;Salemi M;Katzourakis A;Pybus OG

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丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 是一种快速进化的 RNA 病毒,可在人类中造成慢性感染。尽管该病毒对公共卫生具有重要意义并且有丰富的序列数据,但人们对丙型肝炎病毒分子进化的基本方面仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了三组完整的丙型肝炎病毒基因组,以便直接比较不同生物学水平(宿主内和宿主间)的完整丙型肝炎病毒基因组的进化。我们使用强大的贝叶斯推理框架,将谱系间的异质性和系统发育的不确定性纳入进化参数的估计中。大多数 HCV 基因组以约 0.001 个替换/位点/年的速度进化,这是 RNA 病毒的典型速率。抗原重要的 E1/E2 基因组区域进化特别快,具有相应高的阳性选择率,正如使用两种相关措施推断的那样。至关重要的是,与宿主间进化相比,在该区域观察到宿主内进化的速率异常高。相反,NS5A 基因功能相关部分的宿主间进化率较高。还有证据表明,与 1b 亚型相比,HCV 1a 亚型的进化率略高。使用新的统计方法和可比较的全基因组数据集,我们首次量化了不同组织规模下 HCV 进化动态的变化。这证实了生物尺度之间分子进化的差异并不局限于HIV,并且可能代表了慢性RNA病毒感染的共同特征。我们得出的结论是,在宿主内部进化过程中,E1/E2 区域观察到的速率升高更可能是由于宿主特异性适应的逆转(导致宿主间长期进化速度较慢),而不是由于缓慢进化谱系的优先传播。
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a rapidly-evolving RNA virus that establishes chronic infections in humans. Despite the virus' public health importance and a wealth of sequence data, basic aspects of HCV molecular evolution remain poorly understood. Here we investigate three sets of whole HCV genomes in order to directly compare the evolution of whole HCV genomes at different biological levels: within- and among-hosts. We use a powerful Bayesian inference framework that incorporates both among-lineage rate heterogeneity and phylogenetic uncertainty into estimates of evolutionary parameters. Most of the HCV genome evolves at ~0.001 substitutions/site/year, a rate typical of RNA viruses. The antigenically-important E1/E2 genome region evolves particularly quickly, with correspondingly high rates of positive selection, as inferred using two related measures. Crucially, in this region an exceptionally higher rate was observed for within-host evolution compared to among-host evolution. Conversely, higher rates of evolution were seen among-hosts for functionally relevant parts of the NS5A gene. There was also evidence for slightly higher evolutionary rate for HCV subtype 1a compared to subtype 1b. Using new statistical methods and comparable whole genome datasets we have quantified, for the first time, the variation in HCV evolutionary dynamics at different scales of organisation. This confirms that differences in molecular evolution between biological scales are not restricted to HIV and may represent a common feature of chronic RNA viral infection. We conclude that the elevated rate observed in the E1/E2 region during within-host evolution more likely results from the reversion of host-specific adaptations (resulting in slower long-term among-host evolution) than from the preferential transmission of slowly-evolving lineages.
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