Heterotrophic compensation: a possible mechanism for resilience of coral reefs to global warming or a sign of prolonged stress?
Heterotrophic compensation: a possible mechanism for resilience of coral reefs to global warming or a sign of prolonged stress?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0081172
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Grottoli AG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hughes AD;Grottoli AG
热致漂白已导致全球珊瑚数量减少，这种漂白事件的频率将增加。热漂白严重破坏了珊瑚全生生物的营养行为，减少了珊瑚宿主可获得的光合能量。在短期内，这种减少从内共生藻类的能量转移的结果在珊瑚宿主的能量赤字。如果漂白事件是短暂的，那么珊瑚可以通过耗尽其脂质储备或通过增加异养能量获取来生存这种能量赤字。我们第一次表明，珊瑚动物是能够增加的异养碳的量纳入其组织几乎一年后漂白。这种长期的异养补偿可能是恢复力或长期压力的标志。如果异养补偿实际上是一种适应性反应，那么这种生理反应可以通过提供足够的异养能量来补偿漂白过程中的光合自养能量损失，并潜在地使随后的高温应力的影响最小化，从而作为未来漂白的缓冲。然而，如果浮游动物的增加是一个迹象，表明漂白的影响继续对holobiont的压力，即使在11个月的恢复，那么这种生理反应将表明，完全珊瑚恢复需要超过11个月才能实现。如果到本世纪中叶，珊瑚白化成为每年一次的全球现象，那么目前暂时的避难所将不足以让珊瑚群落在白化事件之间恢复，珊瑚礁对未来气候变化的适应力将越来越差。然而，如果在长时间内增加其组织中动物寄生虫来源的营养的隔离是一种补偿机制，则年度漂白的影响可能会减少。因此，一些珊瑚物种可能比以前认为的更好地面对反复的漂白压力。
Thermally induced bleaching has caused a global decline in corals and the frequency of such bleaching events will increase. Thermal bleaching severely disrupts the trophic behaviour of the coral holobiont, reducing the photosynthetically derived energy available to the coral host. In the short term this reduction in energy transfer from endosymbiotic algae results in an energy deficit for the coral host. If the bleaching event is short-lived then the coral may survive this energy deficit by depleting its lipid reserves, or by increasing heterotrophic energy acquisition. We show for the first time that the coral animal is capable of increasing the amount of heterotrophic carbon incorporated into its tissues for almost a year following bleaching. This prolonged heterotrophic compensation could be a sign of resilience or prolonged stress. If the heterotrophic compensation is in fact an acclimatization response, then this physiological response could act as a buffer from future bleaching by providing sufficient heterotrophic energy to compensate for photoautotrophic energy losses during bleaching, and potentially minimizing the effect of subsequent elevated temperature stresses. However, if the elevated incorporation of zooplankton is a sign that the effects of bleaching continue to be stressful on the holobiont, even after 11 months of recovery, then this physiological response would indicate that complete coral recovery requires more than 11 months to achieve. If coral bleaching becomes an annual global phenomenon by mid-century, then present temporal refugia will not be sufficient to allow coral colonies to recover between bleaching events and coral reefs will become increasingly less resilient to future climate change. If, however, increasing their sequestration of zooplankton-derived nutrition into their tissues over prolonged periods of time is a compensating mechanism, the impacts of annual bleaching may be reduced. Thus, some coral species may be better equipped to face repeated bleaching stress than previously thought.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jembe.2010.05.007
发表时间：
2010-07-31
影响因子：
2
作者：
Ferrier-Pages, Christine;Rottier, Cecile;Levy, Oren
通讯作者：
Levy, Oren
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
GLYNN, PW
通讯作者：
GLYNN, PW
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Fitt, WK;McFarland, FK;Chilcoat, GC
通讯作者：
Chilcoat, GC
影响因子：
10.1
作者：
BUDDEMEIER, RW;FAUTIN, DG
通讯作者：
FAUTIN, DG
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
GLYNN, PW
通讯作者：
GLYNN, PW