Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: fatal post-ictal respiratory and arousal mechanisms.

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: fatal post-ictal respiratory and arousal mechanisms.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.resp.2013.05.010
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发表时间:
2013-11-01
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
Richerson, George B.
Richerson, George B.
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sowers, Levi P.;Massey, Cory A.;Gehlbach, Brian K.;Granner, Mark A.;Richerson, George B.

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不明原因的癫痫猝死(SUDEP)是高达17%的癫痫患者和高达50%的慢性难治性癫痫患者过早死亡的原因。然而,SUDEP并没有被广泛承认存在。SUDEP的病因尚不清楚,但越来越多的证据表明发作期呼吸、心脏或自主神经系统功能障碍。癫痫发作如何影响这些系统仍然不确定。在这里,我们集中在呼吸机制,相信是SUDEP的基础。我们强调的临床证据表明,发作期低氧血症发生在一个很大的比例的患者由于中枢性呼吸暂停,并确定建议的大脑解剖区域管理这些反应。此外,我们还讨论了用于研究发作期呼吸抑制的动物模型。我们强调5-HT神经元在呼吸控制,化学感受和唤醒中的作用。最后,我们讨论的证据表明,5-羟色胺赤字有助于SUDEP和婴儿猝死综合征和两者之间的惊人的相似之处。
Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the cause of premature death of up to 17% of all patients with epilepsy and as many as 50% with chronic refractory epilepsy. However, SUDEP is not widely recognized to exist. The etiology of SUDEP remains unclear, but growing evidence points to peri-ictal respiratory, cardiac, or autonomic nervous system dysfunction. How seizures affect these systems remains uncertain. Here we focus on respiratory mechanisms believed to underlie SUDEP. We highlight clinical evidence that indicates peri-ictal hypoxemia occurs in a large percentage of patients due to central apnea, and identify the proposed anatomical regions of the brain governing these responses. In addition, we discuss animal models used to study peri-ictal respiratory depression. We highlight the role 5-HT neurons play in respiratory control, chemoreception, and arousal. Finally, we discuss the evidence that 5-HT deficits contribute to SUDEP and sudden infant death syndrome and the striking similarities between the two.
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