Taking the Scenic Route: Polyomaviruses Utilize Multiple Pathways to Reach the Same Destination.
Taking the Scenic Route: Polyomaviruses Utilize Multiple Pathways to Reach the Same Destination.
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DOI：
10.3390/v12101168
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发表时间：
2020-10-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Maginnis MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mayberry CL;Maginnis MS
多瘤病毒科的成员在其宿主范围、发病机制和疾病严重程度方面不同。迄今为止，一些研究最多的多瘤病毒包括人JC、BK和默克尔细胞多瘤病毒以及非人亚种鼠和猿病毒40（SV 40）多瘤病毒。虽然在宿主范围和发病机制上存在二分法，但感染周期的重叠特征说明了该病毒家族内的相似性。对人类健康特别感兴趣的是，JC、BK和默克尔细胞多瘤病毒都与严重的、通常是致命的疾病有关，这强调了了解导致这些疾病发作的潜在病毒感染的重要性。由于多瘤病毒在其各自宿主中引起疾病的能力存在显著重叠，因此最近在表征非人鼠和SV40多瘤病毒的感染性生命周期方面的进展是理解由其人类对应物引起的疾病的关键。本文综述了不同的多瘤病毒通过其劫持细胞过程附着于宿主细胞、内化、在细胞质内运输和在内质网（ER）内分解的分子机制，然后递送到细胞核进行病毒复制。揭示促进多瘤病毒感染的基本过程，可以更深入地了解该病毒家族中共享的感染过程的保守机制，同时还突出了关键的独特病毒特征。
Members of the Polyomaviridae family differ in their host range, pathogenesis, and disease severity. To date, some of the most studied polyomaviruses include human JC, BK, and Merkel cell polyomavirus and non-human subspecies murine and simian virus 40 (SV40) polyomavirus. Although dichotomies in host range and pathogenesis exist, overlapping features of the infectious cycle illuminate the similarities within this virus family. Of particular interest to human health, JC, BK, and Merkel cell polyomavirus have all been linked to critical, often fatal, illnesses, emphasizing the importance of understanding the underlying viral infections that result in the onset of these diseases. As there are significant overlaps in the capacity of polyomaviruses to cause disease in their respective hosts, recent advancements in characterizing the infectious life cycle of non-human murine and SV40 polyomaviruses are key to understanding diseases caused by their human counterparts. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which different polyomaviruses hijack cellular processes to attach to host cells, internalize, traffic within the cytoplasm, and disassemble within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), prior to delivery to the nucleus for viral replication. Unraveling the fundamental processes that facilitate polyomavirus infection provides deeper insight into the conserved mechanisms of the infectious process shared within this virus family, while also highlighting critical unique viral features.
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