Nuclear selenoproteins and genome maintenance

Nuclear selenoproteins and genome maintenance
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核硒蛋白和基因组维护

DOI:
10.1002/iub.1455
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发表时间:
2016-01
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Cheng Wen-Hsing
Cheng Wen-Hsing
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang Xiong;Zhang Li;Zhu Jian-Hong;Cheng Wen-Hsing

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硒是硒蛋白表达所必需的类金属。虽然细胞不断受到内源性和外源性断裂素的挑战,但基因组完整性通过DNA损伤的直接修复、氧化还原平衡和表观遗传调节来维持。到目前为止,只有五种硒蛋白被实验证明完全或部分存在于细胞核中,包括硒蛋白H,甲硫氨酸-R-亚砜还原酶1,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-4,硫氧还蛋白还原酶-1和硫氧还蛋白谷胱甘肽还原酶。这五种硒蛋白在氧化还原调节和基因组维持中具有潜在的作用。已知硒蛋白H反式激活抗氧化应激的几个基因的表达。硫氧还蛋白还原酶-1b亚型将雌激素受体-α和-β递送至细胞核。核谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-4通过维持睾丸中染色质的紧密性在表观遗传学上和全局上抑制基因表达。对这些和其他核硒蛋白如何调节基因组稳定性的持续研究将对推进我们对硒调节最佳健康的理解产生深远影响。© 2015 IUBMB Life,68(1):5-12,2016
Selenium is an essential metalloid required for the expression of selenoproteins. While cells are constantly challenged by clastogens of endogenous and exogenous origins, genome integrity is maintained by direct repair of DNA damage, redox balance, and epigenetic regulation. To date, only five selenoproteins are experimentally demonstrated to reside in nucleus, exclusively or partially, including selenoprotein H, methionine‐R‐sulfoxide reductase 1, glutathione peroxidase‐4, thioredoxin reductase‐1, and thioredoxin glutathione reductase. All these five selenoproteins have demonstrated or potential roles in redox regulation and genome maintenance. Selenoprotein H is known to transactivate the expression of a couple of genes against oxidative stress. The thioredoxin reductase‐1b isoform delivers estrogen receptor‐α and ‐β to the nucleus. Nuclear glutathione peroxidase‐4 epigenetically and globally inhibits gene expression through the maintenance of chromatin compactness in testes. Continued studies on how these and additional nuclear selenoproteins regulate genome stability will have profound impact on advancing our understanding in selenium regulation of optimal health. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 68(1):5–12, 2016
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