Sensory coding and cognitive processing of sound in Veterans with blast exposure.
Sensory coding and cognitive processing of sound in Veterans with blast exposure.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2016.10.018
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Shinn-Cunningham B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bressler S;Goldberg H;Shinn-Cunningham B
退伍军人管理局听力学诊所最近的轶事报告以及一些已发表的研究发现，尽管听力阈值正常或接近正常，但仍有一部分军人在日常嘈杂的听力环境中寻求沟通问题的治疗。由于他们暴露在危险水平的长时间噪音和瞬间爆炸事件中的风险增加，这些士兵的沟通问题可能是由于听觉感觉外周的听力损失(传统的或“隐藏的”)，或者是由于爆炸导致的与注意力相关的皮质网络损伤。我们发现，在为这项研究招募的14名暴露于爆炸的部队成员中，有12人的听力阈值在正常到接近正常的范围内。这些参与者中的大多数报告说，他们的问题具体与选择性注意力的失败有关。在冲击波暴露和非冲击波对照组之间，测量听觉脑干对阈值以上声音的神经编码保真度的包络跟随反应(EFR)是相似的。在听觉选择性注意任务中，冲击波暴露的受试者表现得比非冲击波控制者差得多，在这项任务中，听者对三个同时、相互竞争的音调序列之一的旋律轮廓(上升、下降或“之字形”)进行分类。显著的音高和空间差异使得这三个同时出现的旋律很容易分离。爆炸暴露的受试者表现不佳与额部EEG通道中较弱的诱发反应电位(ERPs)有关，以及与分散注意力时相比，当序列成为目标时，未能注意增强序列引起的神经反应。这些结果表明，这些听者的交流问题不能用听觉外周感觉表征的受损来解释，而是指向与注意力控制有关的挥之不去的爆炸诱导的皮质网络损伤。由于所有研究参与者都患有创伤后障碍(PTSD)，因此需要进行后续研究，以梳理PTSD和爆炸损伤对认知表现的影响。
Recent anecdotal reports from VA audiology clinics as well as a few published studies have identified a sub-population of Service Members seeking treatment for problems communicating in everyday, noisy listening environments despite having normal to near-normal hearing thresholds. Because of their increased risk of exposure to dangerous levels of prolonged noise and transient explosive blast events, communication problems in these soldiers could be due to either hearing loss (traditional or “hidden”) in the auditory sensory periphery or from blast-induced injury to cortical networks associated with attention. We found that out of the 14 blast-exposed Service Members recruited for this study, 12 had hearing thresholds in the normal to near-normal range. A majority of these participants reported having problems specifically related to failures with selective attention. Envelope following responses (EFRs) measuring neural coding fidelity of the auditory brainstem to suprathreshold sounds were similar between blast-exposed and non-blast controls. Blast-exposed subjects performed substantially worse than non-blast controls in an auditory selective attention task in which listeners classified the melodic contour (rising, falling, or “zig-zagging”) of one of three simultaneous, competing tone sequences. Salient pitch and spatial differences made for easy segregation of the three concurrent melodies. Poor performance in the blast-exposed subjects was associated with weaker evoked response potentials (ERPs) in frontal EEG channels, as well as a failure of attention to enhance the neural responses evoked by a sequence when it was the target compared to when it was a distractor. These results suggest that communication problems in these listeners cannot be explained by compromised sensory representations in the auditory periphery, but rather point to lingering blast-induced damage to cortical networks implicated in the control of attention. Because all study participants also suffered from post-traumatic disorder (PTSD), follow-up studies are required to tease apart the contributions of PTSD and blast-induced injury on cognitive performance.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Choi, Inyong;Wang, Le;Bharadwaj, Hari;Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara
通讯作者：
Shinn-Cunningham, Barbara
影响因子：
25
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bernstein, LR;Trahiotis, C
通讯作者：
Trahiotis, C
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
CHERRY, EC
通讯作者：
CHERRY, EC
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
GOBLICK, TJ;PFEIFFER, RR
通讯作者：
PFEIFFER, RR