Origin of the intense positive and moderate negative atmospheric electric field variations measured during and after Antarctic blizzards
Origin of the intense positive and moderate negative atmospheric electric field variations measured during and after Antarctic blizzards
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南极暴风雪期间和之后测量到的强烈正和中负大气电场变化的起源
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105812
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Sato Mitsuteru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Minamoto Yasuhiro;Kamogawa Masashi;Kadokura Akira;Omiya Satoshi;Hirasawa Naohiko;Sato Mitsuteru
在晴朗天气下，地球表面和中间层/电离层之间存在正的大气电场（AEF）或电势梯度（PG）。在极地地区的暴风雪/雪暴期间，使用1.4 m高度的电场磨观察到在晴朗天气下相同极性的103 V/m量级的强烈正AEF/PG。相比之下，2015年在南极洲Syowa站观测到暴风雪后的AEF/PG变化为中度负值。在40 min以上的时间内，AEF/PG逐渐恢复为正值，其幅度从几十到几百V/m不等。根据实验室实验和野外观测中对吹/飘雪动力学和电学的各种研究，与雪表面碰撞的雪颗粒是带电的，并且在暴风雪期间悬浮和跳跃颗粒的电荷平均为负。为了验证在暴风雪期间和之后观察到的AEF/PG，我们使用三维泊松方程数值估计了电场轧机的导电传感器单元周围的电场。在暴风雪条件下，估计的AEF/PG的极性是相反的，观察到的AEF/PG。从现场轧机的噪声研究，我们推断，正AEF/PG的变化是由带负电荷的雪粒子与传感器单元上的电探针的碰撞。暴风雪刚刚结束，在4.4米高度测量的雪粒数量明显减少，相机图像显示清晰可见。从这个证据，我们模拟了悬浮和跳跃的带负电荷的雪颗粒，这些雪颗粒已经落在地面上，然后构建了一个软附着在地面上的雪颗粒的电荷层，在对粉末的电阻进行研究之后，该电荷层缓慢放电。基于该模型的三维泊松计算再现了中等负的AEF/PG。因此，我们阐明了在暴风雪期间和之后的强正和中等负电场的起源是带电的雪粒子与传感器单元上的电探针碰撞和软附着在地面上的负雪层，分别。这些结果适用于火星和地球沙漠的沙尘暴带电，极地地区的暴风雪带电以及高山，如Mt。富士在日本，和工业粉尘，它提供了强烈的电气化和风暴的识别湍流电气化。
There is an atmospheric electric field (AEF) or an electric potential gradient (PG) in fair weather between the Earth's surface and the mesosphere/ionosphere, which is positive. During blizzards/snowstorms in the polar regions, an intense positive AEF/PG in the order of 103V/m of the same polarity in fair weather was observed using an electric field mill at 1.4 m in height. In contrast, a moderately negative AEF/PG variation after a blizzard was observed in 2015 at Syowa Station, Antarctica. The negative variation, where the magnitude ranged from tens to hundreds of V/m, gradually recovered into the positive AEF/PG for more than 40 min. According to various studies on blowing/drifting snow dynamics and electricity in laboratory experiments and field observations, snow particles colliding with the snow surface are charged, and the charge of suspended and saltating particles during the snowstorm is negative on average. To verify the AEF/PG observed during and after the blizzards, we numerically estimated the electric field surrounding the conductive sensor unit of the electric field mill using a three-dimensional Poisson equation. Under blizzard conditions, the polarity of the estimated AEF/PG was the opposite of that of the observed AEF/PG. From the noise study of the field mill, we deduced that the positive AEF/PG variations were caused by the collision of negatively charged snow particles with the electric probe on the sensor unit. Just after the blizzard, the number of snow particles measured at 4.4 m in height clearly decreased, and the camera image showed clear visibility. From this evidence, we modeled the suspended and saltating negatively charged snow particles that had fallen onto the ground surface and then constructed a charge layer of the snow particles softly attaching to the ground, which slowly discharged following the study on the electrical resistance of the powders. The three-dimensional Poisson calculation based on the model reproduced a moderately negative AEF/PG. Thus, we elucidated that the origins of the intense positive and moderate negative electric fields during and after blizzards are the charged snow particles colliding with the electric probe on the sensor unit and the negative snow layers softly attached to the ground, respectively. These results are applicable to studies on dust storm electrification on Mars' and Earth's deserts, snowstorm electrification in the polar regions, and high mountains, such as Mt. Fuji in Japan, and turbulent electrification for industrial dust, which provides the identification of intense electrification and storms.
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DOI：
10.1029/jc075i024p04499
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1970
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
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DOI：
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1960
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影响因子：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
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