Anthropogenic changes in the surface all-sky UV-B radiation through 1850-2005 simulated by an Earth system model

Anthropogenic changes in the surface all-sky UV-B radiation through 1850-2005 simulated by an Earth system model
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地球系统模型模拟 1850 年至 2005 年地表全天空 UV-B 辐射的人为变化

DOI:
10.5194/acp-12-5249-2012
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
6.3
通讯作者:
H. Kawase
H. Kawase
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Watanabe;T. Takemura;K. Sudo;T. Yokohata;H. Kawase

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抽象的。利用地球系统模式对1850-2005年地表全天UV-B(太阳紫外线:280-315 nm)辐射的历史人为变化进行了评估。UV-B剂量对臭氧和气溶胶人为变化的响应分别使用一系列历史模拟(包括/不包括这些变化)进行评估。这些空气污染物的增加导致UV-B透射率的降低,这种情况在1950年之前/之后在工业和森林砍伐地区及其下风处逐渐/迅速发生。此外,温室气体浓度增加引起平流层下部臭氧迁移的变化,增加了对流层外对流层上部和平流层下部的臭氧浓度。这些短暂的变化减少了到达地球表面的UV-B的数量,抵消了众所周知的由于平流层臭氧消耗而增加UV-B的影响,这种影响在大约1990年后迅速发展。1980.结果表明,1850年至2000年期间,热带和北半球热带外的地面UV-B辐射变化为负值,南半球热带外的地面UV-B辐射变化为正值。比较臭氧和气溶胶变化对UV-B变化的贡献,臭氧对UV-B吸收的瞬时变化主要决定了大多数地点地面UV-B辐射的总变化。另一方面,在北半球中纬度和热带地区,气溶胶对UV-B的直接和间接作用与臭氧的作用相当。一个典型的例子是东亚(25° N-60° N和120° E-150° E),在那里气溶胶的影响(约100%)。70%)主导总UV-B变化。
Abstract. The historical anthropogenic change in the surface all-sky UV-B (solar ultraviolet: 280–315 nm) radiation through 1850–2005 is evaluated using an Earth system model. Responses of UV-B dose to anthropogenic changes in ozone and aerosols are separately evaluated using a series of historical simulations including/excluding these changes. Increases in these air pollutants cause reductions in UV-B transmittance, which occur gradually/rapidly before/after 1950 in and downwind of industrial and deforestation regions. Furthermore, changes in ozone transport in the lower stratosphere, which is induced by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, increase ozone concentration in the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. These transient changes work to decrease the amount of UV-B reaching the Earth's surface, counteracting the well-known effect increasing UV-B due to stratospheric ozone depletion, which developed rapidly after ca. 1980. As a consequence, the surface UV-B radiation change between 1850 and 2000 is negative in the tropics and NH extratropics and positive in the SH extratropics. Comparing the contributions of ozone and aerosol changes to the UV-B change, the transient change in ozone absorption of UV-B mainly determines the total change in the surface UV-B radiation at most locations. On the other hand, the aerosol direct and indirect effects on UV-B play an equally important role to that of ozone in the NH mid-latitudes and tropics. A typical example is East Asia (25° N–60° N and 120° E–150° E), where the effect of aerosols (ca. 70%) dominates the total UV-B change.
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