The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia uses parasitoid wasps as phoretic vectors for efficient horizontal transmission.
The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia uses parasitoid wasps as phoretic vectors for efficient horizontal transmission.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004672
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Qiu BL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahmed MZ;Li SJ;Xue X;Yin XJ;Ren SX;Jiggins FM;Greeff JM;Qiu BL
兼性细菌内共生体与许多节肢动物有关，主要从母亲垂直传播给后代。然而，系统发生关系表明，水平传播也必须发生。当内共生体增加宿主适应性时，这种水平转移可以具有重要的生物和农业后果。到目前为止，水平传播被认为是罕见的，并且难以记录。在这里，我们使用荧光原位杂交（FISH）和多位点序列分型（MLST）揭示了一个潜在的共同途径的水平传播的内共生体通过寄生虫的昆虫。我们说明，蚜虫寄生蜂的口器和产卵器成为污染与沃尔巴克氏体，当这种黄蜂饲料或探针沃尔巴克氏体感染烟粉虱亚洲II7，和未感染的B的非致命探测。烟粉虱AsiaII7被携带Wolbachia的寄生蜂寄生后，出现新的稳定感染的B。烟粉虱母系在接触感染粉虱后的48 h内，拟寄生蜂能够有效传播Wolbachia。粉虱感染Wolbachia寄生蜂增加了生存和减少的发展时间。总体而言，我们的研究提供了证据，沃尔巴克氏体的水平传播昆虫宿主之间的寄生蜂，增强的生存和繁殖能力的昆虫宿主可能会对生物防治计划产生不利影响。垂直传播的兼性细菌内共生体在无脊椎动物中很常见，并影响多种性状，如有性生殖模式、物种形成和对病原体的易感性。内共生体的水平传播被认为在大多数物种中是罕见的，并且不会促进它们在种群中的传播。在这里，我们表明，寄生蜂可以作为载体，在粉虱宿主之间的内共生体沃尔巴克氏体在高速率传输。寄生蜂的产卵器和上颚可以被感染的粉虱时，探测Wolbachia污染。如果这些拟寄生蜂然后探测无沃尔巴克氏体的宿主并且粉虱存活，则将导致具有增加的适应性的稳定感染品系。这种媒介传播可以解释为什么内共生体分布如此广泛，以及为什么在遗传上相似的共生体经常在遗传上遥远的生物中发现。
Facultative bacterial endosymbionts are associated with many arthropods and are primarily transmitted vertically from mother to offspring. However, phylogenetic affiliations suggest that horizontal transmission must also occur. Such horizontal transfer can have important biological and agricultural consequences when endosymbionts increase host fitness. So far horizontal transmission is considered rare and has been difficult to document. Here, we use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) to reveal a potentially common pathway of horizontal transmission of endosymbionts via parasitoids of insects. We illustrate that the mouthparts and ovipositors of an aphelinid parasitoid become contaminated with Wolbachia when this wasp feeds on or probes Wolbachia-infected Bemisia tabaci AsiaII7, and non-lethal probing of uninfected B. tabaci AsiaII7 nymphs by parasitoids carrying Wolbachia resulted in newly and stably infected B. tabaci matrilines. After they were exposed to infected whitefly, the parasitoids were able to transmit Wolbachia efficiently for the following 48 h. Whitefly infected with Wolbachia by parasitoids had increased survival and reduced development times. Overall, our study provides evidence for the horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between insect hosts by parasitic wasps, and the enhanced survival and reproductive abilities of insect hosts may adversely affect biological control programs. Vertically-transmitted facultative bacterial endosymbionts are common in invertebrates, and affect traits as diverse as the mode of sexual reproduction, speciation, and susceptibility to pathogens. Horizontal transmission of endosymbionts is thought to be infrequent in most species, and not to contribute to their spread through populations. Here we demonstrate that parasitoid wasps can act as vectors, transmitting the endosymbiont Wolbachia between whitefly hosts at a high rate. The ovipositors and mandibles of parasitoids can be contaminated with Wolbachia when probing infected whitefly. If these parasitoids then probe Wolbachia-free hosts and the whitefly survive, it will result in a stably infected line with increased fitness. Such vector-borne transmission may explain why endosymbionts are so widely distributed, and why genetically similar symbionts are often found in phylogenetically distant organisms.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Chiel E;Zchori-Fein E;Inbar M;Gottlieb Y;Adachi-Hagimori T;Kelly SE;Asplen MK;Hunter MS
通讯作者：
Hunter MS
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Jaenike, John;Polak, Michal;Minhas, Miranda
通讯作者：
Minhas, Miranda
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Heath, BD;Butcher, RDJ;Hubbard, SF
通讯作者：
Hubbard, SF
影响因子：
0.9
作者：
Greenberg, Shoil M.;Jones, Walker A.;Liu, Tong-Xian
通讯作者：
Liu, Tong-Xian
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Baldo, Laura;Ayoub, Nadia A.;Werren, John H.
通讯作者：
Werren, John H.