Field experiments show contradictory short‐ and long‐term myrmecochorous plant impacts on seed‐dispersing ants
Field experiments show contradictory short‐ and long‐term myrmecochorous plant impacts on seed‐dispersing ants
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田间实验表明，密生植物对种子传播蚂蚁的短期和长期影响是矛盾的
DOI：
10.1111/een.12666
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Bradford, Mark A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Warren, II, Robert J.;Elliott, Katherine J.;Giladi, Itamar;King, Joshua R.;Bradford, Mark A.
1.在随后的研究中，一些以前被描述为互惠的相互作用被发现是共生或寄生的。一个多世纪以来，蚂蚁介导的种子传播一直被描述为一种互惠共生；然而，最近的研究表明，它可能是共生的或寄生的。植物明显受益于蚂蚁介导的种子传播，尽管几乎没有证据表明这种相互作用有利于蚂蚁的长期适应性。田间试验是在北美温带地区进行的，重点是一种关键的种子传播剂。所有草本植物从森林林下被移出13年，并补充蚂蚁群体与大的弹性体种子，旨在检查潜在的长期和短期的没药植物对蚂蚁的好处。如果带有弹性体的种子有利于蚂蚁，这表明了一种互惠互利的关系，预计在种子补充(短期)和林下草本植物丰富的地区，将有更多的工蚁和/或有翅蚂蚁和更多的脂肪储备(群体脂肪含量)。短期补充蚂蚁群体的种子并没有导致数量或脂肪储存的增加，尽管它确实促进了蚁群性别的产生，这是一种潜在的健康益处。然而，从长期来看，这对蚂蚁没有积极的影响，相反，有负面的影响，因为移除具有弹性体的植物对应着更大的群体健康。在本研究中获得的数据表明，蚂蚁-植物的相互作用从偶尔有益到中性到总体上对蚂蚁伙伴不利。这样的结果并不支持将这种互动视为互惠互利。总而言之，这些数据表明有必要重新考虑这些蚂蚁和植物之间的关系的性质。
1. Some interactions previously described as mutualistic were revealed to be commensal or parasitic in subsequent investigations. Ant‐mediated seed dispersal has been described as a mutualism for more than a century; however, recent research suggests that it may be commensal or parasitic. Plants demonstrably benefit from ant‐mediated seed dispersal, although there is little evidence available to demonstrate that the interaction benefits long‐term ant fitness.2. Field experiments were conducted in temperate North America focused on a key seed‐dispersing ant. All herbaceous plants were removed from a forest understorey for 13 years, and supplemented ant colonies with large elaiosome‐bearing seeds aiming to examine potential long‐ and short‐term myrmecochorous plant benefits for the ants.3. If elaiosome‐bearing seeds benefit ants, suggesting a mutualistic relationship, it is expected that there would be greater worker and/or alate abundance and greater fat reserves (colony lipid content) with seed supplementation (short‐term) and in areas with high understorey herb abundance.4. Short‐term seed supplementation of ant colonies did not result in an increase with respect to numbers or fat stores, although it did prompt the production of colony sexuals, which is a potential fitness benefit. In the long term, however, there was no positive effect on the ants and, instead, there were negative effects because the removal of elaiosome‐bearing plants corresponded with greater colony health.5. The data obtained in the present study suggest that the ant–plant interaction ranged from occasionally beneficial to neutral to overall negative for the ant partner. Such results did not support considering the interaction as a mutualism. Collectively, the data suggest the need to reconsider the nature of the relationship between these ants and plants.
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