Micronutrient Gaps in Three Commercial Weight-Loss Diet Plans.

Micronutrient Gaps in Three Commercial Weight-Loss Diet Plans.
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DOI:
10.3390/nu10010108
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发表时间:
2018-01-20
期刊:
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
H Mitmesser S
H Mitmesser S
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
G Engel M;J Kern H;Brenna JT;H Mitmesser S

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减肥饮食限制了能量和大量营养素的摄入,但忽视了微量营养素的情况。商业饮食计划可能提供的微量营养素不足。我们分析了三种计划的营养概况,并将其微量营养素充足率与美国男性成年人的膳食参考摄入量(DRIs)进行了比较。对低热量纯素食(吃活素食,积极减肥; ETL-VAWL),高动物蛋白低碳水化合物(快速代谢饮食; FMD)和体重维持(吃,喝,保持健康; EDH)饮食进行了评估。每种饮食取样7份单日菜单(n = 21份菜单,7份菜单/饮食),并使用在线营养追踪器CRON-O-Meter分析20种微量营养素。在不调整能量摄入的情况下,ETL-VAWL饮食未能提供B12,B3,D,E,钙,硒和锌的推荐量的90%。FMD饮食中B1、D、E、钙、镁和钾含量较低(<90% DRI)。EDH饮食除了维生素D、钙和钾之外,其余都满足>90%的DRI。在调整到2000千卡/天后,几种微量营养素仍然不足:ETL-VAWL中的维生素B12,FMD和EDH中的钙以及所有饮食中的维生素D。与以前的工作一致,微量营养素缺乏在减肥饮食计划中很普遍。在设计商业饮食时,需要特别注意富含微量营养素的食物,以减少微量营养素缺乏的风险。
Weight-loss diets restrict intakes of energy and macronutrients but overlook micronutrient profiles. Commercial diet plans may provide insufficient micronutrients. We analyzed nutrient profiles of three plans and compared their micronutrient sufficiency to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for male U.S. adults. Hypocaloric vegan (Eat to Live-Vegan, Aggressive Weight Loss; ETL-VAWL), high-animal-protein low-carbohydrate (Fast Metabolism Diet; FMD) and weight maintenance (Eat, Drink and Be Healthy; EDH) diets were evaluated. Seven single-day menus were sampled per diet (n = 21 menus, 7 menus/diet) and analyzed for 20 micronutrients with the online nutrient tracker CRON-O-Meter. Without adjustment for energy intake, the ETL-VAWL diet failed to provide 90% of recommended amounts for B12, B3, D, E, calcium, selenium and zinc. The FMD diet was low (<90% DRI) in B1, D, E, calcium, magnesium and potassium. The EDH diet met >90% DRIs for all but vitamin D, calcium and potassium. Several micronutrients remained inadequate after adjustment to 2000 kcal/day: vitamin B12 in ETL-VAWL, calcium in FMD and EDH and vitamin D in all diets. Consistent with previous work, micronutrient deficits are prevalent in weight-loss diet plans. Special attention to micronutrient rich foods is required to reduce risk of micronutrient deficiency in design of commercial diets.
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