Anomalously High Recruitment of the 2010 Gulf Menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) Year Class: Evidence of Indirect Effects from the Deepwater Horizon Blowout in the Gulf of Mexico
Anomalously High Recruitment of the 2010 Gulf Menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) Year Class: Evidence of Indirect Effects from the Deepwater Horizon Blowout in the Gulf of Mexico
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2010 年度墨西哥湾鲱鱼（Brevoortia patus）异常大量招募：墨西哥湾深水地平线井喷带来的间接影响的证据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
C. Peterson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Short;H. Geiger;J. C. Haney;C. Voss;M. L. Vozzo;V. Guillory;C. Peterson
在2010年深水地平线井喷年，海湾门哈登(Brevoortia Patronus)表现出前所未有的青少年招募，比密西西比河附近之前39年的平均水平高出四个标准差以上。在随后的两年里，随着新兵进入年龄较大的班级，这一群体的丰富度保持在异常高的水平。这种占主导地位的饲料鱼种群的这种变化可以最简明地解释为从捕食中释放的后果。接触原油导致食鱼性海鸟、宽吻海豚(Tursioptruncatus)、涉禽和其他食鱼沼泽鸟类的高死亡率，所有这些都是墨西哥湾曼哈登的主要消费者。密西西比河淡水的改道，以保护沿海沼泽免受低盐度的污染，损害了被避开低盐度河口水域的水生捕食者进入海湾幼年的途径。这些捕食行为的释放导致2011年墨西哥湾人工生物量增加到240万吨，是2010年前十年平均生物量110万吨的两倍多。一个主要饲用鱼种的生物量如此大幅度的增加表明，在种群、营养水平和生态系统规模上有更多的营养相关影响，反映了迄今鲜有人认识的间接影响，可能与高生产力海洋水域的重大漏油有关。
Gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) exhibited unprecedented juvenile recruitment in 2010 during the year of the Deepwater Horizon well blowout, exceeding the prior 39-year mean by more than four standard deviations near the Mississippi River. Abundance of that cohort remained exceptionally high for two subsequent years as recruits moved into older age classes. Such changes in this dominant forage fish population can be most parsimoniously explained as consequences of release from predation. Contact with crude oil induced high mortality of piscivorous seabirds, bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), waders, and other fish-eating marsh birds, all of which are substantial consumers of Gulf menhaden. Diversions of fresh water from the Mississippi River to protect coastal marshes from oiling depressed salinities, impairing access to juvenile Gulf menhaden by aquatic predators that avoid low-salinity estuarine waters. These releases from predation led to an increase of Gulf menhaden biomass in 2011 to 2.4 million t, or more than twice the average biomass of 1.1 million t for the decade prior to 2010. Biomass increases of this magnitude in a major forage fish species suggest additional trophically linked effects at the population-, trophic-level and ecosystem scales, reflecting an heretofore little appreciated indirect effect that may be associated with major oil spills in highly productive marine waters.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Allan, Sarah E.;Smith, Brian W.;Anderson, Kim A.
通讯作者：
Anderson, Kim A.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Dubansky B;Whitehead A;Miller JT;Rice CD;Galvez F
通讯作者：
Galvez F