User preferences in a carrageenan-based vaginal drug delivery system.
User preferences in a carrageenan-based vaginal drug delivery system.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0054975
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hayes JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li B;Zaveri T;Ziegler GR;Hayes JE
局部杀微生物剂是解决艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染的全球威胁的一个有希望的解决方案。为了获得成功，杀微生物剂不仅需要具有生物学功能，而且还需要被使用者高度接受。用户对杀微生物剂的可接受性可以在产品配方和设计过程的早期纳入。先前的定性研究显示，女性对产品形状有强烈的偏好，而对尺寸和硬度的偏好则不太清楚。在这里，我们探讨了尺寸和硬度对用于阴道使用的半固体卵形杀微生物剂原型的可接受性的影响。性活跃的妇女（n = 74）被随机分配到两个条件之一：有和没有涂抹器。 评估了九种不同的原型;使用κ和ι角叉菜胶和氯化钾的混合物将它们配制成低、中和高硬度。在每个硬度水平下生产三种尺寸。女性操纵所有九个原型，根据感知的有效性、想象的插入容易性和视觉模拟量表上的尝试意愿对其进行评级。使用方差分析和响应面模型评估大小和硬度对这三个结果测量的影响。结果表明，大小和坚定性都影响结果的措施，但坚定性比大小的影响。此外，大小和硬度的具体效果强烈依赖于涂抹器的存在或不存在。一般来说，在没有涂抹器的情况下，女性想要更大，更坚固的产品。总的来说，这些数据表明，合理设计杀微生物剂以提高用户可接受性的努力必须考虑尺寸和硬度等因素。此外，应在设计过程的早期解决包括或放弃施用器的决定，因为它强烈影响其他设计决策。
Topical microbicides are a promising solution to address the global threat of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. To be successful, a microbicide not only needs to be biologically functional but also highly acceptable to users. User acceptability of microbicides can be incorporated early in the product formulation and design process. Previous qualitative research revealed women had strong preferences regarding product shape, while preferences related to size and firmness were less clear. Here, we explored the effect of size and firmness on the acceptability of semisolid ovoid microbicide prototypes intended for vaginal use. Sexually active women (n = 74) were randomized to one of two conditions: with and without applicator. Nine different prototypes were evaluated; they were formulated to low, medium and high firmness using mixtures of kappa and iota carrageenan and potassium chloride. Three sizes were produced at each firmness level. Women manipulated all nine prototypes, rating them for perceived effectiveness, imagined ease-of-insertion and willingness-to-try on visual analog scales. The influence of size and firmness on these three outcome measures were assessed using ANOVA and response surface models. Results indicated size and firmness both influenced the outcome measures, but firmess was more influential than size. Also, the specific effects of size and firmness depended strongly on presence or absence of an applicator. Generally, women in the without applicator condition wanted a larger, firmer product. Collectively, these data suggest efforts to rationally design of microbicides for enhanced user acceptability must consider factors like size and firmness. Also, the decision to include or forego an applicator should be addressed early in the design process, as it strongly influences other design decisions.
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DOI：
10.1097/qad.0b013e328337798a
发表时间：
2010-03-13
期刊：
AIDS (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Padian NS;McCoy SI;Balkus JE;Wasserheit JN
通讯作者：
Wasserheit JN
影响因子：
--
作者：
Coggins, C;Blanchard, K;Friedland, B
通讯作者：
Friedland, B
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Morrow, Kathleen M.;Fava, Joseph L.;Barroso, Candelaria
通讯作者：
Barroso, Candelaria
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Nel, Annalene M.;Mitchnick, Lynne B.;Norick, Pamela M.
通讯作者：
Norick, Pamela M.
DOI：
10.1097/01.qai.0000243056.59860.c1
发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Kilmarx, Peter H.;van de Wijgert, Janneke H. H. M.;Mastro, Timothy D.
通讯作者：
Mastro, Timothy D.