Neuronal DNA Methyltransferases: Epigenetic Mediators between Synaptic Activity and Gene Expression?

Neuronal DNA Methyltransferases: Epigenetic Mediators between Synaptic Activity and Gene Expression?
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DOI:
10.1177/1073858417707457
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发表时间:
2018-04
期刊:
The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kreutz MR
Kreutz MR
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bayraktar G;Kreutz MR

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DNMT 3A和3B是脑中主要的从头DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT),其将新的甲基化标记引入到有丝分裂后神经元中的非甲基化DNA中。DNA甲基化是一个关键的表观遗传标记,已知其调节神经元发育和脑可塑性中的重要细胞过程。越来越多的证据揭示了可塑性相关基因的DNA甲基化的快速和动态变化,这些基因对学习和记忆的形成很重要。了解DNMT如何促进大脑功能以及它们如何受到神经元活动的调节是深入了解健康和疾病中活性依赖性基因表达的先决条件。这篇综述讨论了从头甲基转移酶,特别是DNMT3A1在成人大脑中的功能作用,特别强调突触可塑性,记忆形成和大脑疾病。
DNMT3A and 3B are the main de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in the brain that introduce new methylation marks to non-methylated DNA in postmitotic neurons. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark that is known to regulate important cellular processes in neuronal development and brain plasticity. Accumulating evidence disclosed rapid and dynamic changes in DNA methylation of plasticity-relevant genes that are important for learning and memory formation. To understand how DNMTs contribute to brain function and how they are regulated by neuronal activity is a prerequisite for a deeper appreciation of activity-dependent gene expression in health and disease. This review discusses the functional role of de novo methyltransferases and in particular DNMT3A1 in the adult brain with special emphasis on synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and brain disorders.
在整个阿尔茨海默氏病的过程中,全球5-甲基胞嘧啶和5-羟基环霉素的多区域分析。
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