Making the environmental justice grade: the relative burden of air pollution exposure in the United States.
Making the environmental justice grade: the relative burden of air pollution exposure in the United States.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph8061755
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发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Paul CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miranda ML;Edwards SE;Keating MH;Paul CJ
本文评估了《清洁空气法》及其修正案是否同样成功地确保了美国贫困社区和弱势社区享有健康空气质量的权利。使用的方法来排名空气质量由美国肺脏协会在其2009年国家的空气报告沿着与EPA的空气质量数据，我们评估的空气污染暴露和获得空气质量信息在美国的环境正义方面。我们专注于种族，年龄和贫困人口的社区与不同水平的臭氧和颗粒物暴露，以及社区和没有空气质量信息。关注PM2.5和臭氧，我们发现在监测网络覆盖的区域内，非西班牙裔黑人在空气质量最差的社区中一直占主导地位。老年人和年轻人以及贫困的结果因所考虑的污染指标而异。农村地区通常在空气质量监测网络的范围之外，使大部分人口无法获得关于其环境空气质量的信息。这些结果表明，美国大部分地区缺乏监测数据，在有监测数据的地区中，低收入和少数族裔社区往往经历更高的环境污染水平。
This paper assesses whether the Clean Air Act and its Amendments have been equally successful in ensuring the right to healthful air quality in both advantaged and disadvantaged communities in the United States. Using a method to rank air quality established by the American Lung Association in its 2009 State of the Air report along with EPA air quality data, we assess the environmental justice dimensions of air pollution exposure and access to air quality information in the United States. We focus on the race, age, and poverty demographics of communities with differing levels of ozone and particulate matter exposure, as well as communities with and without air quality information. Focusing on PM2.5 and ozone, we find that within areas covered by the monitoring networks, non-Hispanic blacks are consistently overrepresented in communities with the poorest air quality. The results for older and younger age as well as poverty vary by the pollution metric under consideration. Rural areas are typically outside the bounds of air quality monitoring networks leaving large segments of the population without information about their ambient air quality. These results suggest that substantial areas of the United States lack monitoring data, and among areas where monitoring data are available, low income and minority communities tend to experience higher ambient pollution levels.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Miranda, Marie Lynn;Keating, Martha H.;Edwards, Sharon E.
通讯作者：
Edwards, Sharon E.
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
5
作者：
Ritz, Beate;Wilhelm, Michelle;Ghosh, Jo Kay C.
通讯作者：
Ghosh, Jo Kay C.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Ritz, B;Yu, F;Harris, JA
通讯作者：
Harris, JA
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Ringquist, EJ
通讯作者：
Ringquist, EJ