450 million years in the making: mapping the evolutionary foundations of germinal centers.
450 million years in the making: mapping the evolutionary foundations of germinal centers.
复制标题
4.5亿年的形成过程：绘制生殖中心的进化基础。
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2023.1245704
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Dooley, Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matz, Hanover;Dooley, Helen
关键词：
生发中心（GC）是吸热脊椎动物二级淋巴器官中形成的独特显微解剖结构（即，哺乳动物和一些鸟类）。在GC内，B细胞经历达尔文选择过程以鉴定能够响应病原体攻击以及使B细胞库亲和力成熟的克隆。GC应答最终产生记忆B细胞和骨髓浆细胞，其促进体液免疫记忆，这是成功的疫苗接种程序的基础。在变温有颌脊椎动物的次级淋巴器官中尚未观察到GC（即，鱼类、爬行动物和两栖动物）。然而，过去几十年的大量研究表明，这些生物体可以产生抗原特异性B细胞应答和一定程度的亲和力成熟。这篇评论检查数据表明，B细胞选择的基本原则可能是更保守的脊椎动物胚胎发生比以前预期的。此外，在传统的哺乳动物模型系统和比较模型的研究提出了一个问题，什么样的进化效益GC提供恒温动物，如果他们似乎是不必要的产生的基本功能组件的有颌脊椎动物体液适应性免疫反应。
Germinal centers (GCs) are distinct microanatomical structures that form in the secondary lymphoid organs of endothermic vertebrates (i.e., mammals and some birds). Within GCs, B cells undergo a Darwinian selection process to identify clones which can respond to pathogen insult as well as affinity mature the B cell repertoire. The GC response ultimately generates memory B cells and bone marrow plasma cells which facilitate humoral immunological memory, the basis for successful vaccination programs. GCs have not been observed in the secondary lymphoid organs of ectothermic jawed vertebrates (i.e., fishes, reptiles, and amphibians). However, abundant research over the past decades has indicated these organisms can produce antigen specific B cell responses and some degree of affinity maturation. This review examines data demonstrating that the fundamentals of B cell selection may be more conserved across vertebrate phylogeny than previously anticipated. Further, research in both conventional mammalian model systems and comparative models raises the question of what evolutionary benefit GCs provide endotherms if they are seemingly unnecessary for generating the basic functional components of jawed vertebrate humoral adaptive immune responses.
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