Crowding changes appearance.
Crowding changes appearance.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.023
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发表时间：
2010-03-23
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dakin SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwood JA;Bex PJ;Dakin SC
拥挤是在杂乱的视觉环境中发生的物体识别的故障，并且是对周边视觉的基本限制，影响许多视觉模态和大空间区域内的识别。虽然经常被描述为一个破坏性的过程，通过该过程，对象表征被抑制或完全丢失，我们表明，拥挤系统地改变了对象的外观。特别是，被定向的Gabor侧翼包围（“拥挤”）的视觉噪声的目标斑块变得感知定向，与侧翼匹配。这是建立了一个变化检测范式：在拥挤的条件下，目标从噪音到伽柏的变化，当伽柏方向匹配的侧翼（和虚幻的目标识别）时，会被忽视，尽管当它们不同时很容易被检测到。侧翼的旋转（保持目标噪音不变）也会引起错觉目标旋转。空白目标导致类似的结果，表明拥挤可以诱导明显的结构，而不存在。最后，对这些刺激的适应在目标位置诱导了倾斜后效，这与来自侧翼的信号在空间中“传播”一致。这些结果证实了基于变化的拥挤模型的预测，如平均，并建立拥挤作为一个正则化过程，通过促进相邻对象之间的一致外观来简化外围场。当被Gabor元素拥挤时，视觉噪声的斑块变得感知定向。当感知匹配时，从拥挤噪声目标到Gabor的变化不会被注意到。对拥挤变化的适应在目标位置产生倾斜后效。拥挤通过规则化周边视野来促进一致性。
Crowding is the breakdown in object recognition that occurs in cluttered visual environments and the fundamental limit on peripheral vision, affecting identification within many visual modalities and across large spatial regions. Though frequently characterized as a disruptive process through which object representations are suppressed or lost altogether, we demonstrate that crowding systematically changes the appearance of objects. In particular, target patches of visual noise that are surrounded (“crowded”) by oriented Gabor flankers become perceptually oriented, matching the flankers. This was established with a change-detection paradigm: under crowded conditions, target changes from noise to Gabor went unnoticed when the Gabor orientation matched the flankers (and the illusory target percept), despite being easily detected when they differed. Rotation of the flankers (leaving target noise unaltered) also induced illusory target rotations. Blank targets led to similar results, demonstrating that crowding can induce apparent structure where none exists. Finally, adaptation to these stimuli induced a tilt aftereffect at the target location, consistent with signals from the flankers “spreading” across space. These results confirm predictions from change-based models of crowding, such as averaging, and establish crowding as a regularization process that simplifies the peripheral field by promoting consistent appearance among adjacent objects. ► Patches of visual noise become perceptually oriented when crowded by Gabor elements ► Changes from crowded-noise targets to Gabors go unnoticed when perceptually matched ► Adaptation to crowded change gives tilt aftereffects in the target location ► Crowding promotes consistency by regularizing the peripheral visual field
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DOI：
10.1364/josaa.17.001516
发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Hess, RF;Dakin, SC;Tewfik, M
通讯作者：
Tewfik, M
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Freeman, Jeremy;Pelli, Denis G.
通讯作者：
Pelli, Denis G.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Felleman, Daniel J.;Van Essen, David C.
通讯作者：
Van Essen, David C.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
CHASTAIN, G
通讯作者：
CHASTAIN, G
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
CHASTAIN, G
通讯作者：
CHASTAIN, G