Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers.

Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers.
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使用三轴加速度计量化放牧羊的尿液沉积频率和体积。

DOI:
10.1016/j.animal.2021.100234
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
an international journal of animal bioscience
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Marsden KA
Marsden KA
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--
文献类型:
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作者:
Marsden KA

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放牧动物在牧场上沉积的尿液斑块是活性氮 (N) 流失到环境中的地方,因为高浓度的氮超出了牧场的吸收要求。为了增加尿液贴片中的氮损失,需要几个排尿参数,包括排尿事件发生的地点、时间和频率以及排尿量和化学成分。这方面的数据有限,尤其是绵羊的数据。在这里,我们寻求通过在原位放牧的母羊上使用基于非侵入式传感器的技术(加速度计)来解决这一知识差距,并使用布尔算法来检测加速度计信号中的排尿事件。我们对圈养的威尔士山母羊(n = 5)进行了一项初步研究,在后肢上安装了加速度计,以得出尿液流速并确定是否可以根据母羊蹲下时间来估计尿液量。然后,使用连接到威尔士山母羊(每个地点 n = 30 只)后部的加速度计来调查绵羊排尿事件的频率(n = 35 946),同时在每个地点的两个季节(春季和秋季)(每个 35-40 天)放牧两个粗放管理的高地牧场(半改良和未改良)。羊在半改良牧场放牧时,春季和秋季每天排尿次数分别为 10.2 ± 0.2 次和 8.1 ± 0.3 次。未改良牧场的排尿频率较高(春季和秋季分别为每天 19.0 ± 0.4 次和 15.3 ± 0.3 次)。母羊蹲下持续时间可以可靠地用于预测每次事件沉积的尿液量,因此可用于估计平均每日尿液产生量。绵羊的排尿率为 16.6 mL/s,在整个数据集中,绵羊每次蹲下的时间平均为 9.62 ± 0.03 秒,估计平均个体尿液事件量为 159 ± 1 mL(n = 35 946 个事件),范围在 17 至 745 mL 之间(蹲下持续时间为 1 至 45 秒)。整个数据集中的估计平均每日尿量为 2.15 ± 0.04 L(n= 2 669 天)。这些数据可用于估算尿斑中氮损失(例如氨 (NH3) 挥发、硝化作用和反硝化作用产生的一氧化二氮 (N2O) 排放以及硝酸盐 (NO3−) 浸出)的建模研究。
Urine patches deposited in pasture by grazing animals are sites of reactive nitrogen (N) loss to the environment due to high concentrations of N exceeding pasture uptake requirements. In order to upscale N losses from the urine patch, several urination parameters are required, including where, when and how often urination events occur as well as the volume and chemical composition. There are limited data available in this respect, especially for sheep. Here, we seek to address this knowledge gap by using non-invasive sensor-based technology (accelerometers) on ewes grazingin situ, using a Boolean algorithm to detect urination events in the accelerometer signal. We conducted an initial study with penned Welsh Mountain ewes (n= 5), with accelerometers attached to the hind, to derive urine flow rate and to determine whether urine volume could be estimated from ewe squat time. Then accelerometers attached to the hind of Welsh Mountain ewes (n= 30 at each site) were used to investigate the frequency of sheep urination events (n= 35 946) whilst grazing two extensively managed upland pastures (semi-improved and unimproved) across two seasons (spring and autumn) at each site (35–40 days each). Sheep urinated at a frequency of 10.2 ± 0.2 and 8.1 ± 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively, while grazing the semi-improved pasture. Urination frequency was greater (19.0 ± 0.4 and 15.3 ± 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively) in the unimproved pasture. Ewe squat duration could be reliably used to predict the volume of urine deposited per event and was thus used to estimate mean daily urine production volumes. Sheep urinated at a rate of 16.6 mL/s and, across the entire dataset, sheep squatted for an average of 9.62 ± 0.03 s per squatting event, producing an estimated average individual urine event volume of 159 ± 1 mL (n= 35 946 events), ranging between 17 and 745 mL (for squat durations of 1 to 45 s). The estimated mean daily urine volume was 2.15 ± 0.04 L (n= 2 669 days) across the entire dataset. The data will be useful for modelling studies estimating N losses (e.g. ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissionvianitrification and denitrification and nitrate (NO3−) leaching) from urine patches.
用于二十四小时清洁收集绵羊尿液和粪便样本的设备。
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影响因子: 2.3
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