Determinants of dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease.

Determinants of dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease.
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DOI:
10.1111/febs.14607
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发表时间:
2018-10
期刊:
The FEBS journal
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Surmeier DJ
Surmeier DJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Surmeier DJ

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帕金森病(PD)的主要运动症状是由黑质神经元(SNc)中多巴胺能神经元的死亡引起的。α-突触核蛋白(aSYN)病理和线粒体功能障碍与PD发病机制有关,但直到最近还不清楚为什么SNc多巴胺能神经元特别容易受到这两种类型的损伤。在这篇简短的综述中,SNc多巴胺能神经元具有使其易于发生线粒体功能障碍和突触核蛋白病理的解剖学、生理学和生化表型的证据进行了总结。认识到某些特征可能使神经元易患PD相关病理,为减缓或阻止疾病进展创造了转化机会。这篇综述总结了帕金森病中选择性神经元脆弱性的证据,这些证据来自几种表型特征:1)钙依赖性,线粒体呼吸的前馈控制导致活性氧和胞浆钙浓度升高; 2)广泛的轴突乔木;和3)反应性神经递质。这些特征增加了对与PD,年龄和环境毒素相关的基因突变的脆弱性。
The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Alpha-synuclein (aSYN) pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in PD pathogenesis, but until recently it was unclear why SNc dopaminergic neurons should be particularly vulnerable to these two types of insult. In this brief review, the evidence that SNc dopaminergic neurons have an anatomical, physiological and biochemical phenotype that predisposes them to mitochondrial dysfunction and synuclein pathology is summarized. The recognition that certain traits may predispose neurons to PD-linked pathology creates translational opportunities for slowing or stopping disease progression. This review summarizes evidence that selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson’s disease results from several phenotypic traits: 1) calcium-dependent, feed-forward control of mitochondrial respiration leading to elevated reactive oxygen species and cytosolic calcium concentration; 2) an extensive axonal arbor; and 3) a reactive neurotransmitter. These traits increase vulnerability to genetic mutations associated with PD, age and environmental toxins.
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