Central nervous control of energy and glucose balance: focus on the central melanocortin system.

Central nervous control of energy and glucose balance: focus on the central melanocortin system.
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能量和葡萄糖平衡的中枢神经控制:重点关注中枢黑皮质素系统。

DOI:
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06248.x
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发表时间:
2011-12
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Fukuda M
Fukuda M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu Y;Elmquist JK;Fukuda M

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研究表明,通过药理学试剂对中枢黑皮质素回路的操纵对体重和葡萄糖稳态的调节产生强大的作用。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了遗传小鼠模型的最新研究结果,这些模型进一步建立了葡萄糖和能量平衡背景下该电路的生理相关性。此外,我们将讨论不同的神经元群体,中央黑皮质调节食物摄入,能量消耗,胰岛素敏感性,胰岛素分泌,分别作出反应。最后,多种激素和神经线索(例如,瘦素、雌激素和5-羟色胺)使用黑皮质素系统来调节能量和葡萄糖稳态。这些发现表明,针对黑皮质素回路的特定分支可能是对抗当前肥胖和糖尿病流行病的潜在途径。
Studies have suggested that manipulations of the central melanocortin circuitry by pharmacological agents produce robust effects on the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent findings from genetic mouse models that have further established the physiological relevance of this circuitry in the context of glucose and energy balance. In addition, we will discuss distinct neuronal populations that respond to central melanocortins to regulate food intake, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, respectively. Finally, multiple hormonal and neural cues (e.g., leptin, estrogen, and serotonin) that use the melanocortin systems to regulate energy and glucose homeostasis will be reviewed. These findings suggest that targeting the specific branches of melanocortin circuits may be potential avenues to combat the current obesity and diabetes epidemics.
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