The effects of food abundance and disturbance on foraging flock patterns of the wintering Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
The effects of food abundance and disturbance on foraging flock patterns of the wintering Hooded Crane (Grus monacha)
复制标题
食物丰度和干扰对越冬白头鹤 (Grus monacha) 觅食群体模式的影响
DOI：
10.1186/s40657-015-0024-z
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发表时间：
2015-07
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Yunwei Song
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ling Yang;Lizhi Zhou;Yunwei Song
背景：食物丰度和可用性影响觅食鸟类的种群模式。对于在湖泊湿地觅食的越冬水鸟群来说，成本和风险的权衡尤为重要。失去合适栖息地的水鸟面临食物供应不足和高度干扰，影响了它们的觅食活动。本研究的目的是研究食物丰度和干扰对盛金湖白头鹤越冬种群数量和结构的影响，并了解越冬水鸟对栖息地退化的反应，为今后的管理决策和种群保护提供依据。方法：2013年11月至2014年4月，对盛金湖不同觅食生境越冬白头鹤的食物丰度、干扰及种群觅食活动进行调查。通过扫描取样观察群的大小和结构。通过抽样收集了食物丰度和干扰的数据。三个越冬阶段的群大小和结构比较。用广义线性模型说明了食物资源、干扰和群大小之间的关系。结果：在越冬前期和中期，凤头鹤以水田为主要觅食地，水田的觅食鸟群数量最多；在后期，鹤以草甸为主要觅食地。觅食群间的差异主要体现在群的大小上，而群的年龄构成变化不明显。家庭禽群与群群在规模和年龄构成上存在显著差异。广义线性模型的结果表明，食物丰度对觅食群的规模和年龄构成有显著影响，而干扰只对群体规模有显著影响。从我们的分析来看，这两个变量的综合影响对觅食群的规模有显著影响，对年龄构成的影响较小。结论：食物丰度和干扰因素影响鹤群的大小。在食物丰富、干扰大的情况下，群居群体的规模因合作觅食而增大。为了避免竞争和最大限度地提高觅食效益，鸟群的大小随着食物的丰富和干扰的减少而减小。通过权衡风险和成本，鹤表现出灵活的种群分布和各种觅食策略，以最大化利益并提高其适应性。
Background: Food abundance and availability affect flock patterns of foraging birds. Cost and risk tradeoffs are especially critical for flocks of wintering waterbirds foraging in lake wetlands. Waterbirds losing suitable habitats face insufficient food supplies and high levels of disturbance, affecting their foraging activities. Our objective was to study the effects of food abundance and disturbances on flock size and the structure of Hooded Crane flocks wintering at Shengjin Lake and, as well, to understand the response of wintering waterbirds to habitat degradation for future management decisions and protection of the population. Methods: We investigated food abundance, disturbances and flock foraging activities of the wintering Hooded Crane in several foraging habitats of Shengjin Lake from November 2013 to April 2014. Flock size and structure were observed by scan sampling. Data on food abundance and disturbances were collected by sampling. Flock size and structure were compared among three wintering stages. The relationship between food resources, disturbances and flock size were illustrated using a generalized linear model. Results: In the early and middle wintering periods, the Hooded Crane used paddy fields as its major foraging habitat, where the number of foraging birds and flocks were the highest. During the late period, the cranes took to meadows as their major foraging habitat. The variation among foraging flock was mainly embodied in the size of the flocks, while the age composition of these flocks did not change perceptibly. Family flocks were notably different from flock groups in size and age composition. The results of a generalized linear model showed that the food abundance had a marked effect on foraging flock size and age composition, while disturbances had a significant effect only on flock size..From our analysis, it appeared that the combined effect of the two variables was significant on the size of the foraging flock, but had less impact on age composition. Conclusions: Food abundance and disturbances affected the flock size of the Hooded Crane. With abundant food and high disturbances, flock sizes increased owing to cooperation in foraging. To avoid competition and maximize foraging benefits, flock size reduces with an abundance of food but low disturbance. By trading off risks and costs, the cranes showed flexible flock distributions and a variety of foraging strategies to maximize benefits and to improve their fitness.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Buch PK;Mihelec M;Cottrill P;Wilkie SE;Pearson RA;Duran Y;West EL;Michaelides M;Ali RR;Hunt DM
通讯作者：
Hunt DM
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
J. Alonso;Luis M. Bautista-Sopelana;J. Alonso
通讯作者：
J. Alonso;Luis M. Bautista-Sopelana;J. Alonso
DOI：
10.1675/063.033.s103
发表时间：
2010-12
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Wood;Yi Qiao;Peng Li;P. Ding;B. Lu;Y. Xi
通讯作者：
C. Wood;Yi Qiao;Peng Li;P. Ding;B. Lu;Y. Xi
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cai T;Huettmann F;Guo Y
通讯作者：
Guo Y
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Michelena P;Deneubourg JL
通讯作者：
Deneubourg JL