Immunotherapies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Immunotherapies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
复制标题
免疫疗法以防止母亲到艾滋病毒的传播。
DOI：
10.2174/1570162x11311020006
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发表时间：
2013-03
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Hicar MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hicar MD
虽然药物干预在减少预防艾滋病毒母婴传播方面取得了成功，但有人担心，通过这种传播方式彻底消除艾滋病毒将需要采取其他措施。对婴儿或孕妇进行免疫治疗可能能够根除这种形式的传播。最近在成人中进行的疫苗试验显示了令人鼓舞的结果，但与大多数艾滋病毒安全性和有效性疫苗试验一样，母婴传播的问题并未得到解决。将传播研究和疫苗研究集中在母婴传播的背景下有几个好处。MTCT具有一般可重复的已知传播率，并已成功地用于评估减少传播的药物干预措施。即使在资源匮乏的情况下，新生儿疫苗接种的基础设施也已经到位。虽然很少见，但被动和主动疫苗接种试验已经在儿科人群中成功完成。不幸的是，在影响母婴传播方面收效甚微。在很大程度上，包括母婴传播在内的任何类型传播中的保护相关性尚不清楚。数据支持抗体在母婴传播过程中影响应变和传播的作用。回顾了抗体在母婴传播中的作用，重点介绍了最近的被动免疫和对未来研究的考虑。
Although pharmacological interventions have been successful in reducing prevention of maternal to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, there is concern that complete elimination through this mode of transmission will require other measures. Immunotherapies in infants or pregnant mothers may be able to eradicate this form of transmission. A recent vaccine trial in adults showed encouraging results, but as in most HIV safety and efficacy vaccine trials, the question of MTCT was not addressed. Concentrating transmission studies and vaccine studies in the setting of MTCT offers several advantages. MTCT has a generally reproducible known transmission rate and has been successfully used to assess pharmacological interventions on decreasing transmission. Even in resource poor settings, the infrastructure for neonatal vaccination is already in place. Although rare, both passive and active vaccination trials have been successfully completed in pediatric populations. Unfortunately, little success in affecting MTCT has been shown. Largely, a correlate of protection in any type of transmission, including MTCT, is unknown. Data supports a role for antibodies in effecting strain and transmission during MTCT. The role of antibodies in MTCT is reviewed with a focus on recent passive immunization and considerations for future studies.
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