Human Rights, Human Dignity, and the Human Life Form

Human Rights, Human Dignity, and the Human Life Form
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人权、人类尊严和人类生命形式

DOI:
10.1007/978-94-017-8672-0_4
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Thomas Hoffmann
Thomas Hoffmann
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Thomas Hoffmann

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托马斯·霍夫曼(Thomas Hoffmann)在他的文章《人权、人类尊严和人类生命形式》中指出,为了破坏相对主义,重要的是要阐明为什么人权平等地适用于全人类。可以通过提及“人类尊严”一词来做到这一点,该术语以照应方式指代表达人性概念的通用句子。但人性概念不应该用现代哲学经验主义主流的理解方式来理解。这意味着人性的概念不应被理解为经验(例如生物学或社会学)谓词,它是一个外延(弗雷格)概念,即一组元素。相反,正如霍夫曼所说(参考亚里士多德或黑格尔),概念是一种形式。人性的概念是一种特殊的形式:生命的一种形式,即生命体。生命形式也是一种规范,它决定了对于代表该生命形式的个体来说,一般来说,什么是自然有益的。如果你这样理解人性的概念,那么你就能够证明为什么人权平等地并以平等的方式适用于所有人类,正如霍夫曼所说。
In his articleHuman Rights, Human Dignity and the Human Life Form, Thomas Hoffmann argues that in order to undermine relativism it is important to formulate a justification as to why human rights apply equally and in equal manner to all human beingsas such. It is possible to do so by referring to the term of human dignity that refers anaphorically to generic sentences that articulate the concept of human nature. But the concept of human nature should not be understood in the same way as the empiricistic mainstream of modern philosophy understands it. That means that the concept of human nature should not be understood as an empirical (e.g. biological or sociological) predicate that is an extensional (Fregean) concept, i.e. a set of elements. Rather, a concept is a form, as Hoffmann says (with reference to e.g. Aristotle or Hegel). The concept of human nature is a special form: a form of life, i.e., a lifeform. A lifeform is also a norm that determines what is in general naturally good for the individuals that exemplify this lifeform. If you understand the concept of human nature this way, then you are able to justify why human rights apply equally and in an equal manner to all human beings as such, as Hoffmann argues.
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