Adolescent brain maturation and smoking: what we know and where we're headed.
Adolescent brain maturation and smoking: what we know and where we're headed.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.003
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发表时间：
2014-09
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Geier, Charles F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lydon, David M.;Wilson, Stephen J.;Child, Amanda;Geier, Charles F.
吸烟是全世界死亡和发病的主要原因。开始吸烟通常发生在青春期。本文回顾并综合了青少年发展和尼古丁依赖的文献，以提供青少年吸烟从开始到强迫性使用的描述。我们扩展了青少年冒险的神经生物学模型，通过纳入吸烟特有的心理社会和背景因素，重点关注激励处理和认知控制大脑系统之间的相互作用，表明青少年通常比成年人更容易吸烟，但存在个体差异，导致一些青少年吸烟的风险增加。吸烟后，青少年更有可能继续吸烟，因为在此期间尼古丁引起的积极作用增加。在青春期继续吸烟，最好的理解可能是反映了与药物相关的激励处理和认知控制神经系统的变化，导致决策偏向于继续吸烟。描述了尼古丁暴露后可能导致持续依赖的持续变化。我们强调了干预措施可能受益于认知神经科学发现的方式。
Smoking is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Smoking initiation often occurs during adolescence. This paper reviews and synthesizes adolescent development and nicotine dependence literatures to provide an account of adolescent smoking from onset to compulsive use. We extend neurobiological models of adolescent risk-taking, that focus on the interplay between incentive processing and cognitive control brain systems, through incorporating psychosocial and contextual factors specific to smoking, to suggest that adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to cigarette use generally, but that individual differences exist placing some adolescents at increased risk for smoking. Upon smoking, adolescents are more likely to continue smoking due to the increased positive effects induced by nicotine during this period. Continued use during adolescence, may be best understood as reflecting drug-related changes to neural systems underlying incentive processing and cognitive control, resulting in decision-making that is biased towards continued smoking. Persistent changes following nicotine exposure that may underlie continued dependence are described. We highlight ways that interventions may benefit from a consideration of cognitive-neuroscience findings.
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